{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T09:36:49Z","timestamp":1787477809230,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon and rectum. Spexin is a novel peptide with antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of spexin in mitigating acetic acid\u2010induced colitis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914) and colitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921) groups. Colitis was induced via 5% acetic acid (AA) administration (1\u2009mL, intrarect). Post\u2010induction, rats received subcutaneous saline (1\u2009mL\/kg), spexin (50\u2009\u00b5g\/kg\/day), or oral sulfasalazine (500\u2009mg\/kg) for 5 days. Control groups received saline or spexin. After 24\u2009h of the final treatment, colons were evaluated macroscopically, and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201018 were determined by ELISA, oxidative stress markers myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured spectrophotometrically and NOD\u2010like receptor pyrin domain\u2010containing 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor\u2010\u03baB (NF\u2010\u03baB), caspase\u20101 proteins were analyzed with <jats:italic>Western Blot<\/jats:italic> alongside histopathological assessments. Colitis induction significantly elevated macroscopic damage scores, stool consistency, inflammatory cytokines, MDA, MPO, and NLRP3, NF\u2010\u03baB, caspase\u20101, while reducing GSH levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001\u20130.01). Microscopic evaluations confirmed increased necrosis, submucosal edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Spexin reversed these effects by enhancing GSH levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), reducing macroscopic\/microscopic scores, cytokines, MDA, and MPO levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001), and suppressing NLRP3, NF\u2010\u03baB, and caspase\u20101 activation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01\u20130.001). For the first time that spexin ameluates acetic acid\u2010induced colitis in rats by modulating the NF\u2010\u03baB\/NLRP3 signaling pathway, reducing oxidative damage, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and suppressing inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T03:12:10Z","timestamp":1746414730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anti\u2010Inflammatory Effects of Spexin on Acetic Acid\u2011Induced Colitis in Rats via Modulating the NF\u2010\u03baB\/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevil Arabac\u0131","family":"Tamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine, Sakarya University Sakarya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6822-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadime","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine, Sakarya University Sakarya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6438-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevin\u00e7","family":"Yanar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine, Sakarya University Sakarya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zcan","family":"Budak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine, Sakarya University Sakarya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5211-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cahit","family":"Ba\u011fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine, Sakarya University Sakarya T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523022666230727094250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.952071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-018-9783-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-010-9440-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06568-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5755407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-2106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702211072443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496459"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4538199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2021.1899242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174731"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111688"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-024-00790-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5472\/MMJ.2013.03125.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01545-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"S. 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