{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:23:04Z","timestamp":1771338184143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Phthalates are chemical compounds used as plasticizers in plastic products, for guaranteeing their flexibility. These compounds damage the epididymal morphophysiology. This study aimed to verify the changes in the epididymis of neonatal and adult rats over two generations. Pregnant Sprague\u2013Dawley females were divided into four groups and gavaged daily from GD10 to PND21 with corn oil (Control:C) or the phthalate mixture at three doses (20, 200, and 200\u2009mg\/Kg). F1 animals were euthanized at 22PND and 120PND; unexposed females were mated with 90PND males to obtain the F2 generation. Male rats were euthanized at 22PND. Tissue remodeling of the compartments was observed at all doses in the 22PND animals of both generations. Treatment at 200\u2009mg\/Kg resulted in alterations, a decrease in the epithelium and a consequent increase in the lumen in the cauda in F1 PND22. The lumen in the caput and cauda increased, with a reduction in the interstitium at 200\u2009mg\/Kg in F2 PND22. The lumen diameter was reduced in the caput and increased in the interstitium at the two highest doses in adult animals. The expression of\n                    <jats:italic>GPR30<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GPX3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GSR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IL10<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>\n                    was reduced in adult animals at the highest dose.\n                    <jats:italic>GPR30<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression increased at 200\u2009mg\/Kg dose in PND22.\n                    <jats:italic>TNFa<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was reduced at all doses in F1 PND22 animals and significantly increased in F2 PND22 animals at 200\u2009\u00b5g\/Kg and 200\u2009mg\/Kg doses. In conclusion, phthalates modify the epididymal structure and impair gene expression, mainly in the late phase.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T02:32:31Z","timestamp":1750732351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phthalate Exposure During Pregnancy and Lactation Transgenerationally Impairs the Epididymis in the Offspring of Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ana Paula Franco","family":"Punhagui\u2010Umbelino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"},{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina Londrina 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