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Toxicologists and other scientists believe that factors such as genes, surroundings, and lifestyle can make autoimmune diseases more likely. Xenobiotics, such as chemical pollutants, drugs, microbes, and heavy metals might raise the chances of getting autoimmune diseases. Substantial epidemiological studies show a link between exposure to the above\u2010mentioned xenobiotics and occurrence of autoimmune diseases. More than eighty types of autoimmune diseases have been identified so far, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), Type I Diabetes, psoriasis, and Grave's disease etc. Although the underlying molecular mechanism of autoimmune disease occurrence is not clear, some findings revealed that xenobiotics exposure results in processes like erroneous identification of self\u2010antigens by adaptive immune system, autoantibodies development, enhanced level of reactive oxygen species, cross\u2010reactive antibodies production, DNA damage, and increased pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine level lead to the disease condition. The present review article comprehensively discusses various xenobiotic compounds, and their ill\u2010effects on human health to allow researchers working in this area to design their research work efficiently, using updated information on autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T14:13:02Z","timestamp":1764166382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Xenobiotic Exposure and Autoimmune Diseases: An Update on Epidemiological Evidences and Potential Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kiran","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences The ICFAI University  Himachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8887-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amarish Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology Parul University Vadodara Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3847-8539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering &amp; 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