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Although its precise cause remains unclear, growing evidence points to oxidative stress as a key contributor to MS onset and progression. Excessive production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can impair cellular components, accelerating demyelination and axonal loss. This process involves both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with various cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and T cells playing significant roles in mediating the damage. In contrast, neurosteroids\u2014steroids synthesized within the CNS\u2014have gained attention for their neuroprotective and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. These compounds regulate neural excitability, synaptic function, and immune responses. Disruptions in the production or function of neurosteroids may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including MS. Although both oxidative stress and neurosteroid dysregulation have been individually implicated in MS pathology, their interplay remains poorly understood. Investigating how these two pathways interact could provide deeper insights into MS mechanisms and highlight novel therapeutic avenues aimed at restoring neurosteroid balance to reduce disease\u2010related damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T17:50:46Z","timestamp":1767635446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cThe Interaction Between Oxidative Stress and Neurosteroid Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring a New Pathway in Disease Mechanisms and Potential Treatment Approaches\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3400-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Raafat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaker","family":"Al\u2010Hasnaawei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy The Islamic University Najaf Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah Al Diwaniyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayjaa Mohaisen","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Al\u2010Turath University Al Mansour Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malathi","family":"H","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences JAIN (Deemed to be University) Bangalore Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Prathiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurjant","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University Institute of Allied Health Sciences Chandigarh University Mohali Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aashna","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied and Life Siences Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University Dehradun Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis: 2023 Update","volume":"4","author":"Kuhlmann T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Neuropathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.100977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9120464"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Neurosteroids: Biosynthesis, Molecular Mechanisms, and Neurophysiological Functions in the Human Brain. 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