{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:59:14Z","timestamp":1792522754284,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a vital nutrient that participates in numerous physiological activities, including functioning as a principal antioxidant, facilitating collagen formation, acting as a cofactor for critical enzymes, regulating neurotransmitter activity, and offering organ protection. This review examines and synthesizes current knowledge on the physiological roles, organ\u2010specific protective effects, dose\u2010dependent mechanisms, and potential toxicity of ascorbic acid in human health. A thorough literature review was conducted, evaluating experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies concerning the biochemical roles of ascorbic acid, its effects on organ systems, its reactions to stress, and the associated risks and benefits of varying dosages in both human and animal models. Ascorbic acid inhibits reactive oxygen species, diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation, particularly during periods of bodily stress. It is a crucial enzymatic cofactor in biochemical pathways that synthesize neurotransmitters and other metabolic byproducts. It is crucial for collagen synthesis. A recent study indicates that ascorbic acid may modulate stress and the neuroendocrine system by altering neurotransmitter activity, decreasing cortisol levels, and mitigating oxidative damage associated with stress. These effects are thoroughly documented in animals. Principal organs such as the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system exhibit dose\u2010dependent protective benefits. Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity may manifest at high doses or under specific medical conditions. Ascorbic acid exerts broad\u2010spectrum protective actions on many organs, contingent on the dosage administered. These benefits are attributable to its antioxidant and enzymatic activity. Despite its well\u2010documented physiological benefits, especially at recommended intake levels, caution is warranted regarding potential toxicity at high doses, and further research is needed to define acceptable therapeutic ranges for different clinical situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T09:34:08Z","timestamp":1773912848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Thorough Analysis of Ascorbic Acid's Therapeutic Benefits and Potential Toxicological Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Aarti","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University) Bilaspur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somnath","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University) Bilaspur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6133-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep Kumar","family":"Samal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University) Bilaspur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0221387","article-title":"Observations on the Function of Peroxidase Systems and the Chemistry of the Adrenal Cortex","volume":"22","author":"Szent\u2010Gy\u00f6rgyi A.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/03758397.1934.10857103","article-title":"Isolation of Vitamin C From Vegetables and the Relations Between Vitamin C and Ascorbic Acid","volume":"10","author":"Maruyama S.","year":"1934","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-369400-0\/00090-9","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Toxicology Encyclopedia of Toxicology","author":"Sanseverino J.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2022v14i2.43394","article-title":"Vitamin C and Its Role in Body","volume":"14","author":"Gupta R. K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"D. R.Intakes C.Panel D.Antioxidants et al. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C Vitamin E Selenium and Carotenoids: A Report of the Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference;2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801816-3.00043-1","volume-title":"Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging","author":"Ashor A. W.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5408.2002.00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.LevineNew Concepts in the Biology and Biochemistry of Ascorbic Acid. Published online1986 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198604033141407.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198604033141407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000224733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ba-1982-0200.ch019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.HellmanandJ. J.BurnsMetabolism of L\u2010Ascorbic Acid\u20101\u2010C14 in Man. Published online1958.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70515-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.1113s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02134-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1973.tb05741.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.74.6.403","article-title":"Enhancers of Iron Absorption: Ascorbic Acid and Other Organic Acids","volume":"74","author":"Teucher, Olivares, Cori","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"M. A. A.OsmanUsing Vitamin C With Iron: Enhancing Absorption and Other Benefits."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02730-w","article-title":"The Neuropsychiatric Effects of Vitamin C Deficiency: A Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"Plevin D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-023-00380-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"The Role of Vitamin C in Iron Absorption","volume":"30","author":"Hallberg L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin\u2010 und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111211","article-title":"Vitamin C and Immune Function","volume":"9","author":"Carr A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.436790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.05.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(01)00188-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5082860"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01393-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/19986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"Vitamins in the Prevention of Human Diseases","author":"Herrmann W.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29438"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2014.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2010.501838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081328"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Evaluation of Anti\u2010Hyperlipidemic Activity of Cinnamaldehyde in Triton\u2010Induced Animal Model","volume":"14","author":"Aditya N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Health Risks"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AHJ.2007.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-006-0138-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.11.1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.4.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4301.098284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1105"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"3597","article-title":"Ameliorating Effects of Vitamin C Against Acute Lead Toxicity in Albino Rabbits","volume":"3","author":"Raafat B. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejh.2020.32288.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2007.11.007"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"1836","article-title":"Oxygen\u2010Induced Retinopathy in the Rat: Vitamins C and E as Potential Therapies","volume":"33","author":"Penn J. S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215112000382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2004.10.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Vit C as Effective as Combinations of Anti\u2010Oxidant Nutrients in Reducing Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Ultramarathon Runners","volume":"3","author":"Peters E. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"South African Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769809097880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-5-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01169-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00300.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i11.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S415974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1998.0323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/362805"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971115)80:10<1897::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Vitamin C Inhibits the Growth of a Bacterial Risk Factor for Gastric Carcinoma: Helicobacter pylori","volume":"80","author":"Zhang H. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.17-96"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1575"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","first-page":"3410","article-title":"Combined Protective Effect of Zinc and Vitamin C on Nickel\u2010Induced Oxidative Liver Injury in Rats","volume":"3","author":"Samir D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.104.2017.2.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0001642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-002-0359-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0001642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.206.155"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2023.2181712","article-title":"The Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on Favipiravir\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Damage in Livers and Kidneys of Rats","volume":"45","author":"Do\u011fan M. F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/xeno.2014.3945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/8432.4622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31018\/jans.v4i1.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.01.017"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","first-page":"703","article-title":"The Effects of Vitamin C and Menthone on Acyclovir Induced DNA Damage in Rat Spermatozoa: An Experimental Study","volume":"16","author":"Toghiani S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)13017-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118816137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1729-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA03825A"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Topical Vitamin C and the Skin: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Al\u2010Niaimi F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30030748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009001200012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1130575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ajrimps\/2024\/v13i4269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322007000300017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1551062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2003.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.47103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2008.2969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2025.101742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid against Toxicity Initiated by Mono\u2010Sodium Glutamate on Albino Mice","volume":"15","author":"Abd S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR\u2010JPBS)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jons.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-018-0366-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.01.025"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.70779","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbt.70779","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.70779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T10:02:20Z","timestamp":1773914540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbt.70779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbt.70779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.70779","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-6670","1099-0461"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-6670","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0461","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70779"}}