{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:40:11Z","timestamp":1777570811333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Malathion (MAL) exerts serious reproductive toxicity in males and leads to histopathological injuries in seminiferous tubules, sperm abnormalities, and hormonal disruptions such as reduced testosterone levels. The study assessed whether\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus)<\/jats:italic>\n                    supplementation could mitigate MAL\u2010induced testicular damage via the crosstalk of cGAS\/cGAMP\/STING\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling, which in turn modulates the inflammatory cascades IRF3\/IFN\u2010\u03b2 and TNFR\/TNF\u2010\u03b1, as well as the autophagic markers such as LC3\u2010B\/p62. The study also studied the role of miRNA\u201024 as an upstream regulator. The study included four groups: control, MAL\u2010intoxicated group,\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010 and scopolamine\u2010treated group. Seminal analysis and histopathological investigations of the testes were done. cGAS, STING, TNFR, IRF3, and miR\u201024 were estimated using qRT\u2010PCR. cGAMP, IFN\u2010\u03b2, LC3\u2010B, and p62 were estimated using ELISA, whereas NF\u2010\u03baB and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were estimated using immunohistochemical analysis. MAL\u2010intoxicated group showed altered seminal fluid analysis, higher gene expression of cGAS, STING, TNFR, and IRF3, along with lower gene expression of miRNA\u201024 compared with the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of cGAMP and IFN\u2010\u03b2 were higher, along with lower concentrations of testosterone, LC3\u2010B, and p62, compared with the control group. Furthermore, NF\u2010\u03baB and TNF\u2010\u03b1 showed marked positive cytoplasmic expression. However,\n                    <jats:italic>the L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010treated group reversed all the above\u2010mentioned findings. Collectively, the present study showed that MAL\u2010exposure induces testicular toxicity via activating the cGAS\/cGAMP\/STING\/IRF3\/NF\u2010\u03baB\/TNF\u2010\u03b1 axis, mediated by miRNA\u201024.\n                    <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment alleviated these adverse effects, not only by restoring sperm quality, hormonal balance, and tissue architecture but also by suppressing the inflammatory signaling cascade, reactivating autophagic flux, and upregulating protective miRNA\u201024.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:11:17Z","timestamp":1777403477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Malathion\u2010Induced Testicular Inflammation: Role of miR\u201024\u2010Regulated cGAS\u2010STING Pathway and Autophagy: The Potential Modulatory Effect of\n                    <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7582-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai A.","family":"Abd\u2010Elmawla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hekmat M.","family":"El Magdoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Misr International University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara M.","family":"Aboulmagd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Heliopolis University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safaa M.","family":"El\u2010Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Sohag University Sohag Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesrine","family":"Dessouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmaceuticals and Drug Manufacturing Misr University for Sciences and Technology Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora M.","family":"Aborehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Ahram Canadian University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005132","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: A Common Factor in Testicular Dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Turner T. 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