{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:41:07Z","timestamp":1777948867138,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The study unveils potential toxic effects of a widespread organophosphate pesticide, monocrotophos, in a non\u2010target model organism\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Monocrotophos has been used in cotton, sugarcane, and paddy fields for many decades. Hence, a wide range of non\u2010target organisms are get exposed to this pesticide. For the present study, five sub\u2010lethal concentrations of monocrotophos were selected for chronic toxicity testing, which are below the determined LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value (0.68\u2009\u00b5g\/mL).\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae were exposed to different sub\u2010lethal concentrations of monocrotophos through food media from their 1st instar stage to 3rd instar stage. The present study aims to explore the reactive oxygen species generation by thioredoxin reductase activity, glutathione content, along with H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010DCFDA staining, which shows a significant amount of oxidative stress generation in both quantitative and qualitative means. MTT assay has been performed in brain tissue, which reflected a lower number of viable brain cells in treated larvae. Moreover, nuclear fragmentation in brain tissue by DAPI staining indicates the genotoxic potential of the test chemical. Acetylcholinesterase activity was found to be significantly decreased in the treated ones. Meanwhile, chronic sub\u2010lethal exposure significantly reduced the metabolic activity, which was evident in cytosolic glucose content, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, and malate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. As both enzymes are closely linked with glucose metabolism, so decreased glucose level and both enzyme activity indicate altered metabolic status in cells. Poor brain health and altered metabolism status in monocrotophos\u2010exposed larvae manifested impairment in crawling, phototaxic and embedding behavior in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The overall study indicates monocrotophos mediated redox\u2010imbalance, deficiency in metabolism, and compromised brain health untimely visible in poor behavioral responses. As this pesticide is able to contaminate different environmental compartments thus these hazardous effects will inevitably impact many non\u2010target organisms. Observations of the present study can also be extrapolated to other non\u2010target organisms as\n                    <jats:italic>D. melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    shares significant homology with higher vertebrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T21:01:06Z","timestamp":1777842066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monocrotophos\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress Disrupts Locomotion and Metabolic Function in\n                    <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kanchana","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan Purba Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhratanu","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol Paschim Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayantani","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol Paschim Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopal","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan Purba Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pritam","family":"Maitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan Purba Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1693-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prem","family":"Rajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol Paschim Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moutushi","family":"Mandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan Purba Bardhaman  West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11051012","article-title":"Antioxidant Defences and Redox Homeostasis in Animals","volume":"11","author":"Surai P. 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