{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T18:02:11Z","timestamp":1788026531099,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves amyloid beta (A\u03b2)\u2010induced oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death, and neuroinflammation, contributing to neuronal dysfunction. In our study, a differentiation protocol using retinoic acid was applied to SH\u2010SY5Y cells to generate a neuron\u2010like phenotype, and the neuroprotective efficacy of Escin was investigated by inducing A\u03b21\u201042\u2010mediated cytotoxicity. The experimental protocol involved an initial treatment with 2\u2009\u00b5M Escin prior to A\u03b21\u201042 application. Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and inflammatory mediator expression (NF\u2010\u03baB, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2) were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry with DCFH\u2010DA, flow cytometry with Annexin V\u2010FITC\/7\u2010AAD staining, and RT\u2010qPCR, respectively. In our results, A\u03b21\u201042 exposure was found to significantly reduce cell viability and increase ROS production. Additionally, it was observed to enhance apoptotic cell death and increase pro\u2010inflammatory gene expression. Escin pretreatment was found to significantly mitigate these effects by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010mediated inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, galantamine (10\u2009\u00b5M), an approved AD treatment agent, was used as a positive control to compare the effects of Escin and confirmed the experimental model by exhibiting protective effects. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that Escin is a promising neuroprotective agent and warrant further investigation into its potential to mitigate A\u03b2\u2010related neuronal damage in AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:58:32Z","timestamp":1778741912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Escin Attenuates Amyloid Beta 1\u201042\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Neuroinflammation in Neuron\u2010Like SH\u2010SY5Y Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3819-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakine","family":"Akar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9802-9404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozge","family":"Alvur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9870-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulsah","family":"Evyapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4481-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berna","family":"Ozdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Health Science Institute Inonu University Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilknur","family":"Porsuk Doru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Van Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University Van Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10284","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010107","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"24","author":"Rostagno A. 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