{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:05:46Z","timestamp":1782727546647,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular malignancy caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV\u20108), also known as Kaposi sarcoma\u2010associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Clinically, KS presents with characteristic lesions on the skin or mucosal surfaces and may extend to internal organs, leading to serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and lymphedema. The prevalence of KSHV varies markedly by geography, with the highest rates reported in sub\u2010Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean region, and high\u2010risk populations such as individuals living with HIV\/AIDS. KS pathogenesis is primarily driven by KSHV\u2010induced cellular transformation, persistent inflammation, and angiogenesis, regulated by viral proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs, as key post\u2010transcriptional gene regulators, play dual roles in cancer progression, acting as either oncogenes (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressors. In KS, oncogenic miRNAs such as KSHV\u2010encoded miR\u2010K12\u201011 and miR\u2010K12\u20101 promote tumorigenesis by inhibiting tumor\u2010suppressor pathways and activating signaling cascades, including NF\u2010\u03baB\/IL\u20106\/STAT3. Conversely, tumor\u2010suppressor miRNAs such as miR\u201034a, Let\u20107, and miR\u2010126 are often downregulated, enabling uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Emerging miRNA\u2010based therapeutic strategies show preclinical promise for KS management, particularly by restoring tumor\u2010suppressive miRNAs or targeting oncomiRs. The development of nanoparticle delivery systems addresses critical limitations such as miRNA instability and ensures targeted delivery, representing a significant advance in therapeutic design. This review examines the multifaceted role of miRNAs in KS pathogenesis and explores innovative miRNA\u2010based therapeutic interventions to combat this malignancy effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:56:04Z","timestamp":1778741764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unraveling the Therapeutic Landscape of miRNAs in Kaposi Sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Heba Ibrahim Abd","family":"El\u2010Moaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Science King Faisal University Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0136-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Doghish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys) Al\u2010Azhar University Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Abulsoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys) Al\u2010Azhar University Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Heliopolis University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Bakr","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sadat City Sadat City Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Menoufia National University Shibin El Kom Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nourhan M.","family":"Abdelmaksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Heliopolis University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manar Mohammed El","family":"Tabaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology &amp; Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Studies &amp; Research Institute (ESRI) University of Sadat City Sadat City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0702-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherif S.","family":"Abdel Mageed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Amr","family":"Raouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa S.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Abdulkader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naira","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-9609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of Bisha Bisha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa A.","family":"El\u2010Dakroury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabab S.","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Science King Faisal University Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reda M.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology and Entomology Department Faculty of Science, Helwan University  Egypt"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC) Badr City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis","author":"Ganem D.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0060-9","article-title":"Kaposi Sarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Cesarman E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1566","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00349-2","article-title":"Global Patterns and Trends in Kaposi Sarcoma Incidence: A Population\u2010Based Study","volume":"11","author":"Fu L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet. 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