{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T06:47:38Z","timestamp":1782110858859,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human exposure to environmental pollutants is multi\u2010variant with resultant interactive effects such as oxidative stress, and it's associated with several disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess the effects on behavioural pattern, redox status, mitochondrial metabolic rate, and possible alterations in the gut, fat body, and ovary tissues in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    melanogaster exposed to\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010nitrosourea (NMU) and Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The fruit flies, 1\u20133 days old, were distributed into the Control group, which received a [methanol and ethanol mixture (1:7)]\u2013containing diet, and other groups received diets containing NMU (1 and 2\u2009mM) and BaP (0.4 and 0.8\u2009mM) for 5 days. Results showed that NMU and BaP exposure caused a significant decrease in the rate of survival of the flies. Altered behavioral pattern was observed as an eclosion rate (78%,) and the locomotor capacity was decreased. NMU and BaP caused a reduction in mitochondrial metabolic rate, and levels of total H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , NO, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl content were observed to increase significantly; however, the total sulfhydryl and Non\u2010protein thiols, as well as the activities of catalase, glutathione\u2010s\u2010transferase, and acetylcholinesterase, were decreased relative to control. Histo\u2010architecture of gut, fat body, and ovarian tissues was negatively altered, alongside phenotypic changes such as enlargement of the eyes and abnormal morphology of the ovaries. Taken together, NMU and BaP induced toxicity via oxidative stress and disruption of redox status, behavioural deficits, and developmental abnormalities, suggesting\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a suitable organism for assessing the toxicity of environmental carcinogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:16:15Z","timestamp":1780337775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co\u2010Exposure of\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010Methyl\u2010\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010Nitrosourea and Benzo[A]Pyrene Elicits Toxicity in\n                    <i>Drosophila Melanogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Judith Chizoba","family":"Madu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicity Unit, Department of Biochemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"},{"name":"Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicity Unit, Department of Biochemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amos Olalekan","family":"Abolaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicity Unit, Department of Biochemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"},{"name":"Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicity Unit, Department of Biochemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9960-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatosin Adekunle","family":"Adaramoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicity Unit, Department of Biochemistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtab064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2025.2522814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110000595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/mojt.2018.04.00130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nfs.2023.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/116906"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/intox\u20102014\u20100009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgv034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. What Is Cancer? National Institutes of Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021 accessed October 23 2025 https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about\u2010cancer\/understanding\/what\u2010is\u2010cancer."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Human T\u2010Cell Lymphotropic Viruses.Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1996 (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. (67)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00158-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701434182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3973-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Animal Models of Cancer","author":"Jonkers J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0001\u201037652007000400004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370220947387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290002800104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. P.Fischer R. A.Karge Y. G.Weber H.Koch S.Wolking andA.Voigt \u201cDrosophila Melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism to Study Genetic Epilepsies: An Overview \u201dFrontiers in Molecular Neuroscience16(2023) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1116000.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1116000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168\u20109525(99)01939\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Drosophila Melanogaster (Meigen, 1830): A Potential Model for Human Diseases","volume":"36","author":"Adesola R. O.","year":"2021","journal-title":"World News of Natural Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.06.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2022.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021\u20109258(19)52451\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20109861(59)90090\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000136485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"398","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Habig W. H.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"A.L. \u201cClaiborne. Catalase Activity \u201dHandbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research383(1985) https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.1201\/9781351072922\u201057\/catalase\u2010activity\u2010al\u2010claiborne."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20102952(61)90145\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0076\u20106879(94)33021\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20102697(82)90118\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20102697(79)90738\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20101759(83)90303\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"J. D.BancroftandM.Gamble.Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Published online2008 https:\/\/knustmeltsa.wordpress.com\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/bancrofts\u2010theory\u2010and\u2010practice\u2010of\u2010histological\u2010techniques\u20107th\u2010edition\u20100702042269autosaved1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","volume-title":"State of the Art Report on Mixture Toxicity\u2014Final Report, Executive Summary","author":"Kortenkamp A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Drosophila Melanogaster Is a Promising Model Organism for Toxicological Studies","volume":"1","author":"Abolaji A. O.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Basic and Applied Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-01104-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.177898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(99)00016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.14.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2021.1949617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(80)90074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-017-1072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jir.s275595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120905961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.39.110304.095751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201019930\u2010w"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of Guinea Pigs With Experimental Otitis Media and Effusion","volume":"33","author":"Aktan B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484\u2010010\u20100304\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Guo \u201cWhat Have We Learned From Drosophila Models of Parkinson's Disease? \u201dProgress in Brain Research.184(2010):3\u201316.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(10)84001-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10409239509083492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab016"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Total Thiols: Biomedical Importance and Their Alteration in Various Disorders","volume":"8","author":"Prakash M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Online J Health Allied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","unstructured":"A.TrangandP. B.Khandhar.Physiology Acetylcholinesterase. January 19 2023 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK539735\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2021.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.047969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X11311030006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1296-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382032-7.10043-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.70915","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jbt.70915","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jbt.70915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T06:06:16Z","timestamp":1782108376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jbt.70915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jbt.70915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.70915","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1095-6670","1099-0461"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1095-6670","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0461","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70915"}}