{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T06:47:45Z","timestamp":1782110865390,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014786","name":"Northern Border University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBU\u2010FFR\u20102026\u20102510\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBU\u2010FFR\u20102026\u20102510\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present investigation evaluated the liver\u2010protective effect of apigenin encapsulated in PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles (APG\u2010PCHNPs) against hepatotoxicity induced by pesticide deltamethrin (DLM) in rats. Sixty rats were randomly allocated into six groups: a control group, groups treated with APG (20\u2009mg\/kg BW) or APG\u2010PCHNPs (20\u2009mg\/kg BW), a group exposed to DLM (5\u2009mg\/kg BW), and two combination treatment groups receiving DLM (5\u2009mg\/kg BW) plus either APG or APG\u2010PCHNPs at 20\u2009mg\/kg BW for 35 days. DLM administration significantly decreased serum total protein and its fractions. Simultaneously, hepatic enzyme activities, C\u2010reactive protein, and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly elevated. DLM exposure induced oxidative damage by lowering the activity of vital antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, reducing levels of reduced glutathione, and elevating malondialdehyde as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The observed biochemical alterations coincided with a significant increase in the expression of the apoptotic genes Bax and caspase\u20103, while the expression of the anti\u2010apoptotic gene Bcl\u20102 was markedly reduced. Additionally, the pro\u2010inflammatory mediators nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin\u20106, and DNA oxidative damage biomarkers (8\u2010OHdG) were significantly elevated in the liver following exposure to DLM. APG\u2010PCHNPs provided markedly better protection than crude APG against DLM\u2010induced hepatic damage (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). This was evidenced by restored liver enzyme levels, improved antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced liver inflammation, decreased oxidative stress\u2010induced apoptosis, and the reversal of histological and ultra\u2010structural damage, with outcomes nearly comparable to controls. Docking studies revealed a high affinity of APG for key proteins regulating antioxidant activity, apoptotic pathways, and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, APG\u2010PCHNPs provided superior protection against DLM\u2010induced liver injury by enhancing antioxidant defenses, suppressing NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010mediated inflammation, and modulating Bcl\u20102\/Bax\/Caspase\u20103 signaling to prevent apoptosis, outperforming crude APG due to improved stability, solubility, and bioavailability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:11:52Z","timestamp":1780337512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective Role of Apigenin\u2010PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Pesticide Deltamethrin\u2010Induced Liver Injury via Antioxidant Activation, NF\u2010\u03baB Inhibition, and Bcl\u20102\/Bax\/Caspase\u20103 Signaling Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekramy M.","family":"Elmorsy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Najem","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Saleh","family":"Alfawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusef Muhana","family":"Alenezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Department, Faculty of Medicine Northern border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, College of Medicine Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Ali","family":"El\u2010Raghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture Damietta University Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherine","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Egyptian Chinese University Nasr City 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