{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T06:47:38Z","timestamp":1782110858896,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral cancer still poses a serious threat to world health and has limited feasible remedies. Recently, Alpha\u2010tomatine (AT), a naturally occurring glycoalkaloid, has attracted attention due to its possible anticancer effects. The study investigates its cytotoxic and apoptotic impact of AT against KB human oral carcinoma cells and examine its role in regulating molecular mechanism, with an emphasis on oxidative stress and DNA damage\u2010mediated apoptosis. The MTT assay for cytotoxicity of AT against KB cells showed an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 11.8\u2009\u00b5M. The DCFH\u2010DA staining technique was used to measure ROS formation, and the results indicated a notable, concentration\u2010dependent rise in ROS levels. AO\/EtBr and DAPI staining determined the apoptotic morphological alterations, and the comet assay measured the DNA damage of treated cells. Western blot analysis showed a significant downregulation of the anti\u2010apoptotic protein Bcl\u20102 and an elevation of pro\u2010apoptotic markers include p53, Bax, caspase\u20103, and caspase\u20109. Overall, the data indicates that AT triggers apoptosis in KB cell lines by promoting ROS production, p53 activation, and mitochondrial\u2010mediated pathways, leading to DNA fragmentation and caspase\u2010dependent apoptosis. According to these results, AT could serve as a promising candidate or anticancer agent for oral cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T12:56:02Z","timestamp":1781268962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alpha\u2010Tomatine Inhibits Human Oral Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells Through DNA Damage and Activation of Apoptotic Signaling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nihal Ahamed Abulkalam","family":"Azad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4116-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Kathiresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theerthu","family":"Azhamuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senkuttuvan Ilanchit","family":"Chenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pugazhendhi","family":"Ravichandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maharani","family":"Jaganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeswari","family":"Vasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratheeba","family":"Veerapandiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University  Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2021.1252"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/701932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13010099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90754-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-025-00620-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1003264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0154-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03391-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880200903440211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/284071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402654e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900364j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.06.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"D.Zhang H.Yuan S.\u2010S.Mo X.\u2010W.Mo W.\u2010Z.Tang andL.\u2010H.Yan (2020)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21776\/ub.jsmartech.2020.002.01.1","article-title":"Molecular Docking Analysis of \u03b1\u2010Tomatine and Tomatidine to Inhibit Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Activation in non\u2010Small\u2010cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"2","author":"Amalia I. 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