{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:11:27Z","timestamp":1790079087993,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia drives excessive inflammatory and oxidative responses that culminate in acute lung injury (ALI) and impaired bacterial clearance. Effective therapies capable of restoring host\u2013pathogen balance remain limited, particularly in the context of multidrug\u2010resistant strains. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of thymol in a murine model of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010induced ALI. Oral thymol (5\u201320\u2009mg\/kg) markedly reduced lung injury, suppressed leukocyte infiltration, improved pulmonary histoarchitecture, and significantly enhanced bacterial clearance. Thymol reshaped systemic and local immune responses by decreasing tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), increasing interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010), and limiting macrophage and granulocyte recruitment. Mechanistically, thymol attenuated heme peroxidase\u2010driven oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activities, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and nitric oxide (NO), along with restoration of catalase activity and glutathione levels. Complementary in silico docking predicted stable interactions of thymol with MPO and EPO, as well as essential bacterial metabolic enzymes, including deoxy\u2010D\u2010xylulose\u20105\u2010phosphate synthase (DXS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS). Collectively, these findings suggest that thymol may act as a multi\u2010target bioactive compound capable of modulating host inflammatory and redox pathways while potentially impairing bacterial metabolic fitness, thereby mitigating pneumonia\u2010associated ALI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T07:01:22Z","timestamp":1782198082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thymol Attenuates\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    Induced Lung Injury via Modulation of Peroxidase\u2010Driven Oxidative Stress and Host\u2013Pathogen Interactions: In Vivo and In Silico Insights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4820-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meriem","family":"Amarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Ladjel\u2010Mendil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fawzi","family":"Allala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatah","family":"Cherifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Bouanane\u2010Darenfed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadjila","family":"Moussaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"},{"name":"Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition Agronomic Higher National School (ENSA) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Merzouagui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesrine","family":"Ahras\u2010Sifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Laraba\u2010Djebari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Biomolecular Biochemistry Research Team: Mechanisms of Action, Immunodiagnosis, and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) Algiers Algeria"},{"name":"Algerian Academy of Sciences and Technology Algiers Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04755-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1436557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2025.2473336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in Health and Disease","author":"Hawkins C. 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