{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T07:25:52Z","timestamp":1786951552486,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32273086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant that impairs male reproductive function; however, the metabolic mechanisms underlying Cd\u2010induced testicular toxicity remain incompletely understood. This study investigated whether serine supplementation could alleviate Cd\u2010induced testicular injury and explored its association with phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1)\u2010 and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)\u2010related serine metabolism. Forty male C57BL\/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups and received ultrapure water, serine (50\u2009g\/L), Cd (50\u2009mg\/L), or Cd plus serine in drinking water for 18 weeks. Testicular morphology, hormone levels, ion homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycolytic metabolism, fibrosis, apoptosis, and the expression of PGAM1\/PHGDH\u2010related proteins were evaluated. Cd exposure induced marked testicular injury, characterized by reduced testicular weight and index, disrupted reproductive hormone levels, histopathological damage, ion imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and decreased expression of blood\u2013testis barrier\u2010associated proteins. Cd also suppressed glycolysis and serine biosynthesis, as evidenced by reduced activities of glycolytic enzymes, decreased lactate and pyruvate production, lower serine levels, inhibited PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH expression, and altered PGAM1 expression. These changes were accompanied by increased fibrosis and germ cell apoptosis. Serine supplementation substantially ameliorated these abnormalities, restoring metabolic homeostasis, improving antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammation, and attenuating fibrosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, serine exerts a strong protective effect against Cd\u2010induced male reproductive toxicity by counteracting metabolic dyshomeostasis, highlighting its potential therapeutic value as a beneficial additive against heavy metal\u2010associated reproductive damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.71024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:39:46Z","timestamp":1784641186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serine Ameliorates Cadmium\u2010Induced Testicular Injury by Regulating the PGAM1\/PHGDH Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xueru","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of 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