{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:09:23Z","timestamp":1789549763526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is closely associated with excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of the renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS). The active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] and the Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exhibit antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. This study investigated the individual and combined protective roles of 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and DMF in an isoproterenol (ISO)\u2010induced model of myocardial injury. Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats received ISO (85\u2009mg\/kg, two doses 24\u2009h apart) and were pretreated with 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    or DMF alone, a combination pretreatment, or a combination post\u2010treatment. Myocardial injury was assessed using serum biomarkers, histopathology, oxidative stress markers (ROS, MDA, GSH), inflammatory markers (TNF\u2010\u03b1), RAS components (Ang II, AT1R, ACE), and mRNA expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and NF\u2010\u03baB. ISO administration caused marked myocardial injury, oxidative imbalance, and increased inflammatory and RAS activation while suppressing Nrf2 and NQO1. Both 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and DMF significantly reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and components of the RAS. Combination pretreatment and post\u2010treatment further improved redox status and molecular markers. These groups showed elevated Nrf2 and NQO1 expression and reduced NF\u2010\u03baB, AT1R, and ACE expression compared with ISO controls. However, synergistic enhancement was not observed. 1,25(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and DMF provide both preventive and therapeutic protection against ISO\u2010induced myocardial injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, the Nrf2 and NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathways, and RAS regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.71081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:09:57Z","timestamp":1786979397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual and Combined Cardioprotective Effects of 1,25(OH)\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    D\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    and Dimethyl Fumarate in an Isoproterenol\u2010Induced Myocardial Injury Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Fatma Hande","family":"Karpuzo\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine stanbul University, Fatih Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serhat","family":"Kilin\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine stanbul University, Fatih Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130layda","family":"S\u00f6zmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine stanbul University, Fatih Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lknur","family":"Bing\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine stanbul University, Fatih 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