{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:08:19Z","timestamp":1789549699203,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biochem &amp;amp; Molecular Tox"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The unregulated release of azo dyes from textile industry effluents into freshwater systems constitutes a serious environmental and toxicological concern. The current investigation was undertaken to elucidate the acute toxicological impact of Acid Red 119 (AR 119) in the blood and gill of freshwater fish\n                    <jats:italic>Channa punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , using a multi\u2010tiered biomarker approach encompassing genotoxic, biochemical, and histopathological endpoints. Experimental exposures involved two sub\u2010lethal concentrations of AR 119\u221215.90 and 31.81\u2009mg\/L\u2010administered over a 96\u2009h period. The results revealed a dose\u2010dependent and statistically significant increase in frequencies of micronucleated cells, nuclear and cellular abnormalities, and DNA damage, evidenced by elevated values of comet assay parameters such as tail length and %tail intensity, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Biochemical analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in MDA content, indicating increased lipid peroxidation, along with alterations in SOD and GST activities in blood and gill tissues. The effects were more pronounced at the higher concentration (31.81\u2009mg\/L), especially after 96\u2009h of exposure. Histopathological analysis further showed gill tissue damage, including aneurism, epithelial lifting, vacuolization, and fusion of secondary lamellae. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that AR 119 exerts marked genotoxic and oxidative stress in\n                    <jats:italic>C. punctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , underscoring the urgent need for stricter effluent regulation and sustainable treatment strategies in textile industries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.71092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:44:31Z","timestamp":1787759071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Genotoxic, Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Effects of Azo Dye Acid Red 119 on Blood and Gill of Freshwater Fish\n                    <i>Channa punctata<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Harpal","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9936-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pooja","family":"Chadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1145052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2014.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-018-2130-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su16020495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-008-9968-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes","author":"Dutta S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00925"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"953","article-title":"Acute Exposure to Fullerene (C60) Altered Antioxidant Defense System in Hepatocytes of the Cichlid Fish Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795)","volume":"4","author":"Sumi N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Research (IJR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04122-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12101684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-33444-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Probit Analysis","author":"Finney D. 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