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Increasing evidence suggests that activation of the TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in silica\u2010induced lung injury. This study was undertaken to investigate protective effects of curcumin against silica\u2010induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis where its efficacy was compared with dexamethasone. For inducing silicosis, mice experienced silica exposure for 35 days, followed by intranasal curcumin administration. The study evaluated inflammatory responses, macrophage polarization, fibrotic alterations, and the expression of key mediators, including TLR4, NF\u2010\u03baB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase\u20101, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201018, TGF\u2010\u03b2, and FN\u20101. Curcumin significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and promoted macrophage polarization toward the anti\u2010inflammatory M2 phenotype. In addition, curcumin attenuated fibrosis by decreasing TGF\u2010\u03b2 and FN\u20101 expression, collagen deposition, and extracellular matrix accumulation. Histopathological findings confirmed reduced alveolar damage, silicotic nodules, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, and pulmonary fibrosis in curcumin treatment groups. This study established alleviation of silica\u2010induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB and TGF\u2010\u03b2 signaling, suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It highlights the potential clinical significance of curcumin as a promising therapeutic agent in the management of silicosis and progressive lung fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.71116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:43:57Z","timestamp":1791542637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Curcumin Improves Silica Induced Lung Fibrosis by Targeting TLR4\u2010NLRP3 Inflammasome and TGF\u2010\u03b2 Inhibition in Mice Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sneha","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology MMV, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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