{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:38:36Z","timestamp":1789609116347,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Apheresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Therapeutic apheresis refers to a group of extracorporeal therapies commonly used in the treatment of a variety of neurological, renal, hematological, and other systemic diseases caused by circulating \u201ctoxic agents\u201d that cannot be cleared by other means. This article presents an overview of the concepts underlying the effect of therapeutic apheresis procedures on prescription drugs taken by patients and describes key drug\u2010related and procedure\u2010related factors that may impact drug disposition during therapeutic apheresis. Therapeutic apheresis, and specifically therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), is the process involving the extracorporeal separation of plasma from the cellular components of blood, discarding the plasma and exchanging it with replacement physiologic fluids such as albumin or fresh frozen plasma to maintain oncotic pressure and blood volume, and then returning this and the original cellular components of blood back to the patient's circulatory system (Ibrahim and Balogun, Semin Dial 2012;25:176\u2010189). Over the last 4 decades, modern therapeutic apheresis has been used clinically for the treatment of a host of renal, hematological, and neurological diseases such as Goodpasture's syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and myasthenia gravis to name a few (Ibrahim et al., Pharmacotherapy 2007;27:1529\u20101549). Because of its ability to remove plasma, TPE can extract circulating drugs residing in this compartment, thereby affecting their disposition and potentially their therapeutic action (Ibrahim and Balogun, Semin Dial 2012;25:176\u2010189; Ibrahim et al., Pharmacotherapy 2007;27:1529\u20101549; Kale\u2010Pradhan and Woo, Pharmacotherapy 1997;17:684\u2010695; Kintzel et al., J Clin Apher 2003;18:194\u2010205). The aim of this article is to shed light on drug\u2010related and TPE\u2010related factors that may influence drug removal by TPE. Emphasis is put on areas needing improvement in the way of assessing drug removal by TPE. In addition, a call for an expanded investigation of TPEs influence on select compounds is enlisted. J. Clin. Apheresis 28:73\u201377, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T18:22:51Z","timestamp":1361298171000},"page":"73-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Medications and therapeutic apheresis procedures: Are we doing our best?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rami B.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheed Abiodun","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville  Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2011.01030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.11.1529"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155209103103"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.7.1519"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00544567"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809703101003"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80584-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000457409","article-title":"Alterations in gentamicin pharmacokinetics during neonatal exchange transfusion","volume":"4","author":"Bertino JS","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dev Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00263555"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Salicylate removal during plasma exchange in normal volunteers","volume":"3","author":"White RL","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Effect of repeated plasma exchange on steady state kinetics of digoxin and digitoxin","volume":"34","author":"Keller F","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.24536"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Effect of plasmapheresis on blood and plasma cyclosporin levels","volume":"337","author":"Varl J","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702174"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","first-page":"1708","article-title":"Blood tacrolimus concentration unchanged by plasmapheresis","volume":"51","author":"Przepiorka D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1309\/RLNMJ01WBJRNLH03","article-title":"Rituximab can be combined with daily plasma exchange to achieve effective B\u2010cell depletion and clinical improvement in acute autoimmune TTP","volume":"125","author":"Darabi K","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341766.59028.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823b9b27"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511421919"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511422929"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822e55e7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511411064"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22137"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0903.2004.00600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-341131"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200006000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H193"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10345"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1997.tb00055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000926","article-title":"Vancomycin removal by plasmapheresis","volume":"30","author":"Brophy DF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050618"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01640800"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1995.tb02879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08860228309076052"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199412000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809302700708"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_41_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Plasmapheresis: its effect on toxic agents and drugs","volume":"5","author":"Sketris IS","year":"1984","journal-title":"Plasma Ther Transfus Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2005.11.440"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000063935.20334.4B"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20277"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20187"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23202"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Apheresis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjca.21261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jca.21261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T01:27:56Z","timestamp":1694482076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jca.21261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jca.21261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jca.21261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2459","1098-1101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2459","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}