{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:40:15Z","timestamp":1789609215902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sickle Cell Program of the Department of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the Philadelphia Region"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Apheresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Priapism is unwanted painful penile erection that affects about 36% of boys and men with sickle cell disease (SCD) most of whom have sickle cell anemia. Clinically, priapism could be stuttering, minor, or major. The first two types are mild, last\u2009&lt;\u20094 h, are usually treated at home, have good prognosis with normal sexual function. The major type of priapism lasts &gt;4 h, associated with severe pain, requires hospitalization; often does not respond to medical treatment and may require shunt surgery. Untreated major priapism and surgical intervention often cause impotence. In this study, we report our 15\u2010year experience in treating adult patients with SCD and major priapism with blood exchange transfusion after being refractory to other medical therapies. <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Adult male African Americans patients with SCD and major priapism were enrolled in this study and followed for 15 years. A Haemonitics V\u201050 machine was initially used for whole blood exchange and was later replaced with Cobe Spectra machine for RBC exchange. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: We used 239 blood exchanges requiring 1,136 RBC units. We maintained a post\u2010exchange hemoglobin level of about 10 g\/dL and hemoglobin S level\u2009&lt;\u200930%. None of the patients had any neurological complications such as headache, seizures, neurological deficits, or obtundation post\u2010exchange. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: Together, the data indicate that blood exchange transfusion for the treatment of patients with SCD and major priapism is efficacious and safe. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:5\u201310, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T10:17:02Z","timestamp":1427278622000},"page":"5-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Safety and efficacy of blood exchange transfusion for priapism complicating sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Samir K.","family":"Ballas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research Department of Medicine Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research Department of Medicine Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Management of Sickle Cell Disease","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.03022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70407-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90061-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330220022011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91555-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.1.78","article-title":"Outpatient penile aspiration and epinephrine irrigation for young patients with sickle cell anemia and prolonged priapism","volume":"95","author":"Mantadakis E","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57565-5","article-title":"The management of priapism in sickle cell anemia","volume":"119","author":"Baron M","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60217-9","article-title":"Intensive transfusion therapy for priapism in boys with sickle cell anemia","volume":"110","author":"Seeler RA","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.2920050403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81954-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35817-2","article-title":"Association of sickle cell disease, priapism, exchange transfusion and neurological events: ASPEN syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Siegel JF","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1841877a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"SteinerRM BallasSK CastroO PomerantzK EmburyS KutlarA BurchottS BagasraO.Retroviral burden and disease outcome in HIV\u2010I infected patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) (Abstract #305). 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