{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:39:17Z","timestamp":1789609157606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Apheresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma exchange (PE) and immunoadsorption (IA) are alternative treatments of steroid\u2010refractory relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse events and neurological follow\u2010ups in 127 MS\u2010 (62 PE, 65 IA) and 13 NMO\u2010 (11 PE, 2 IA) patients were retrospectively analyzed. Response was defined by improvements in either expanded disability status scale (EDSS) by at least 1.0 or visual acuity (VA) to 0.5, confirmed after 3 and\/or 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hundred and forty patients were included in safety analysis, 102 patients provided sufficient neurological follow\u2010up\u2010data. There were no significant differences between IA and PE in side effects (3.9% vs 3.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.96) or response\u2010rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.65). Responders showed significant lower age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and earlier apheresis\u2010initiation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). Subgroup\u2010analysis confirmed significant lower age in patients with relapsing\u2010remitting MS (RRMS) \/clinical isolated syndrome (CIS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>IA and PE seem equally safe and effective in steroid\u2010resistant MS\u2010 or NMO\u2010relapses. Early apheresis and low patient age are additional prognostic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T12:17:57Z","timestamp":1548850677000},"page":"381-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Immunoadsorption or plasma exchange in steroid\u2010refractory multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1078-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Lipphardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Georg\u2010August\u2010University G\u00f6ttingen  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"M\u00fchlhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology 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