{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:28:00Z","timestamp":1778884080896,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]],"date-time":"2006-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6892,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Apheresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human blood monocytes activated by gamma interferon have been shown to be highly tumoricidal against colon cancer cells in vitro. Monocytes from patients with peritoneal colorectal carcinomatosis (PCC) were purified by a combination of cytapheresis and elutriation procedures, followed by in vitro incubation with gamma interferon for 18 hours. After debulking surgery, activated killer monocytes (AKM) were reinfused into patients' peritoneal cavities weekly for 16 weeks. To date, six patients have completed the entire protocol and three have completed maintenance therapy. All have tolerated the therapy well with acceptable toxicity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Midway through the protocol, we analyzed the trafficking pattern of the AKM by prelabeling them with <jats:sup>111<\/jats:sup>in. Distribution was relatively homogeneous throughout the peritoneum; at the second staging celiotomy, three of the seven PCC patients were found to have very small amounts of recurrent disease in places to which the AKM were felt to have had limited access (other areas remained disease\u2010free); these areas of recurrent disease were surgically resectable.<\/jats:p><jats:p>AKM have also been infused systemically into five cancer patients. First, the patients were infused with unactivated <jats:sup>111<\/jats:sup>in\u2010labeled monocytes; 1 month later each patient received <jats:sup>111<\/jats:sup>In\u2010labeled gamma interferon\u2010activated AKM. Trafficking studies indicated that both forms of monocytes migrated to sites in the reticuloendothelial system. We have seen virtually no complications from intravenous infusions of either unactivated or gamma interferon\u2010activated AKM.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These studies indicate that the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients with AKM is a feasible and safe procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.2920040216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T15:07:47Z","timestamp":1172070467000},"page":"118-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ex vivo activation of killer monocytes (AKM) and their application to the treatment of human cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Leocadio V.","family":"Lacerna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Sugarbaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Lcctures in the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation","author":"Metehnikoff E","year":"1893"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011133032005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"113","volume-title":"The Reticuloendothelial System: A Comprehensive Trea tise","author":"Stevenson HC","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4508-4_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V48.6.809.809","article-title":"Monocyte mediated antibody\u2010dependent cellular cytotoxicity: A clinical test of monocyte function","volume":"48","author":"Poplack DG","year":"1976","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198009113031106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-514550-3.50023-2","volume-title":"Immunobiology of the Macrophages","author":"Davies P","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.6.2821","article-title":"Activation of human monocyte cytotoxicity by natural and recombinant immune interferon","volume":"131","author":"Le J","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00205575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes against human tumor cells in vitro by various soluble microbial extracts","volume":"63","author":"Sharma B","year":"1979","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.7.2281","article-title":"Macrophage growth foctor (CSF\u20101) stimulates human monocyte production of interferon, tumor necrosis factor and colony stimulating activity","volume":"137","author":"Warren MK","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Transfusion Medicine: Recent Technological Advances","author":"Stevenson HC","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Design of a cytapheresis program for cancer immunology research","volume":"4","author":"Stevenson HC","year":"1983","journal-title":"Plasma Ther Transfus Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)08087-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Characterization of biological response modifier release by human monocytes cultured in suspension in serum\u2010free media","volume":"5","author":"Stevenson HC","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"643","volume-title":"Cancer. Principles and Practice of Oncology","author":"Sugarbaker PH","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"6100","article-title":"Analysis of the trafficking of purified activated human monocytes following intraperitoneal infusion in colon cancer patients","volume":"47","author":"Stevenson HC","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Apheresis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjca.2920040216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jca.2920040216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T10:04:52Z","timestamp":1693476292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jca.2920040216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jca.2920040216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jca.2920040216","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2459","1098-1101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2459","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}}}