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Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes were reduced by 74%, B cells by 95%, and T cells by 38%. Spontaneous proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased dramatically. Within the CD4+ T cell subset there was increasing maturation as shown by a rise in percent mature (CD29+) cells and reciprocal decline of immature (CD45RA+) cells. At the same time CD4+ T cells became increasingly activated as shown by HLA\u2010DR expression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The percentage of CD8+ T cells increased strongly with treatment, and they showed increased activation and expression of the cytotoxic CD29+ and CD11b\u2010 phenotypes. CD8+ T cells exhibiting CD45RA or CD11b+ suppressor phenotypes were overall unchanged; however, on follow\u2010up a proportion of CD8+ cells expressed the activated suppressor effector (CD11b\u2014CD28\u2014) phenotype. In addition to control of PM by the possible deletion of activated autoreactive B and T lymphocyte clones with cyclophosphamide, the activation and maturation of CD4+ T cells during treatment may have downregulated the autoreactive disease process, either through direct antiidiotypic suppression or by induction of the observed increase in cytotoxic and suppressor CD8+ T cells. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.2920090106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T16:05:43Z","timestamp":1172073943000},"page":"21-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immunomodulation during treatment of polymyositis with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Peter 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