{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:20:19Z","timestamp":1787905219233,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Clinical Apheresis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Apheresis medicine comprises a group of extracorporeal therapies essential for the management of hematologic, renal, neurologic, immunologic, transplant\u2010related, oncologic, and critical care conditions. Advances in technology, expansion of evidence\u2010based indications, and integration into multidisciplinary care pathways have transformed apheresis from a technical service into a clinically complex subspecialty. We conducted a narrative review of published literature and international society documentation describing models for apheresis training, professional societies, quality assurance, and regulatory interaction across high\u2010income and resource\u2010limited settings. Sources included peer\u2010reviewed literature, international society guidelines, and policy documents published primarily between 2010 and 2026. Professional apheresis societies have emerged internationally to support education, quality assurance, guideline development, and workforce competency, frequently in collaboration with regulatory authorities. These societies function as scientific and educational bodies complementary to, rather than substitutive of, regulatory frameworks. Six core domains of society activity were identified: education and continuing professional development (CPD), quality and patient safety, guidelines and standards, workforce development, research and registries, and professional collaboration. Apheresis medicine has matured into a multidisciplinary clinical subspecialty requiring a dedicated professional infrastructure. International experience demonstrates that professional apheresis societies provide an evidence\u2010based mechanism to advance education, quality assurance, and patient safety while complementing regulatory oversight. These models are generalizable across healthcare systems at varying stages of development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1787284897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apheresis Medicine as a Multidisciplinary Subspecialty: International Models for Training, Quality, and Professional Societies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3357-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasheed A.","family":"Balogun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hind","family":"Al\u2010Humaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7831-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al\u2010Bahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3185-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chimezie G.","family":"Okwuonu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Medical Center  Umuahia Abia State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.22043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Best Practices of Apheresis","author":"Koh M. B. C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20247"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Building a New Therapeutic Apheresis Service: Administrative and Operational Considerations","volume":"25","author":"Balogun R. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seminars in Dialysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21328"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","article-title":"Status of Donor and Clinical Apheresis Across the African Continent: A Contemporary Survey","volume":"65","author":"Glatt T. N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transfusion and Apheresis Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.15.04214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12837"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2026.104397"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2026.104396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2021.103167"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102780"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1744\u20109987.70160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.70137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21250"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Challenges Associated With Access to Plasma\u2010Derived Medicinal Products in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries","volume":"118","author":"El Ekiaby M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vox Sanguinis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Challenges for Plasma\u2010Derived Medicinal Products in Low\u2010 and Middle\u2010Income Countries","volume":"50","author":"Strengers P. F. W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","unstructured":"World Federation for Medical Education \u201cGlobal Standards for Continuing Professional Development \u201d2024 revision https:\/\/wfme.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.70092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.70098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744\u20109987.13749"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Allied Health Committee \u201cGuidelines for Therapeutic Apheresis Allied Health Staff \u201d(2021) https:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.apheresis.org\/resource\/resmgr\/guideline_file\/allied_health_qualifications.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1744\u20109987.70176"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Apheresis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jca.70172","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jca.70172","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jca.70172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1787904039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jca.70172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jca.70172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jca.70172","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2459","1098-1101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2459","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70172"}}