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Levels of Hsp70 were found to increase within 2 h, with maximum expression (\u223c30% higher than controls) typically occurring by 3 h from the start of exposure. Other embryos were exposed to microwave radiation prior to being subjected to hypoxic stress, and were found to have significantly higher survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) following re\u2010oxygenation than non\u2010exposed controls. The results of these studies indicate that not only can athermal microwave exposures activate the stress protein response pathway; they can also enhance survivability following exposure to a subsequent, potentially lethal stress. From a public health standpoint, it is important that more studies be performed to determine if repeated exposures, a condition likely to be found in cell phone use, are still beneficial. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 490\u2013496, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:52:48Z","timestamp":1033905168000},"page":"490-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Microwave exposure induces Hsp70 and confers protection against hypoxia in chick embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Shallom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daejin","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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