{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:56:08Z","timestamp":1790488568476,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nuclear receptors form a large family of highly related transcription factors that transform an incoming signal in the form of a lipophilic hormone into an activation of the basal transcriptional machinery. The specific recognition of nuclear receptor DNA binding sites, referred to as response elements (REs), determines the genes that can be regulated by nuclear hormones. In this study, it was shown that the complexes of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) with either the vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor (VDR), the thyroid hormone receptor (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>R) or the liver X receptor (LXR) have comparable functionality on a RE of the rat <jats:italic>pit\u20101<\/jats:italic> gene that is formed by a direct repeat of two hexameric binding motifs spaced by 4 nucleotides (DR4). The sequence of two nucleotides 5\u2032\u2010flanking the downstream binding motif of this DR4\u2010type RE and, interestingly, also those flanking the upstream motif were shown to have in part rather drastic and receptor\u2010specific effects on heterodimer complex formation on DNA. In particular, a downstream substitution into GA reduced the complex formation for LXR specifically, while upstream substitutions into AA or TA increase complex formation for LXR and, to a lesser extent, T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>R. The preference of this in vitro complex formation was shown to correlate well with the functional activity of the nuclear receptors in living cells. The results of this study allow (i) a more detailed understanding of known REs, (ii) a more straightforward search for putative REs in newly identified promoter sequences, for example, of the whole human genome, and (iii) a more precise prediction of the hormone responsiveness of the respective genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 601\u2013612, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:52:48Z","timestamp":1033905168000},"page":"601-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Differential nuclear receptor signalling from DR4\u2010type response elements"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Marcus","family":"Quack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Carlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.20.3149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.0517d.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520100202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v8.i1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361657a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.8.6.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.13.7.1141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5548.1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Differential recognition of target genes by nuclear receptor monomers, dimers, and heterodimers","volume":"15","author":"Glass CK","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375190a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383728a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.1.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355359a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54192-2","article-title":"Multiple parameters control the selectivity of nuclear receptors for their response elements","volume":"268","author":"Mader S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90200-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90199-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(98)80015-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.10.1455"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.3499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00052-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375203a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.6.913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/324635a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37392-1","article-title":"Thyroid hormone receptor functions as monomeric ligand\u2010induced transcription factor on octameric half\u2010sites. 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