{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:13:44Z","timestamp":1790910824685,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]],"date-time":"2004-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional polypeptide which exerts a role on cell proliferation and may also contribute to cell differentiation. PRL is also produced by immune cells and is regarded as a key component of the neuroendocrine\u2013immune loop and as a local regulator of macrophage response. The involvement of PRL in regulating monocyte\/macrophage functions is suggested by the presence of PRL receptors in these cells. It has been shown that PRL possess both angiogenic and antiangiogenic effects. Recently, we revealed that augmentation of HO\u20101 activity enhances PRL\u2010mediated angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. Since macrophages are key participants in angiogenesis our objective was to investigate the effect of PRL also in human macrophages. In vitro treatment of macrophages with PRL was found to increase both heme oxygenase\u20101 (HO\u20101) expression and protein synthesis in a time and dose dependent manner as quantified respectively by reverse\u2010transcriptase real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. PRL\u2010treated macrophages also showed an enhanced release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as demonstrated by ELISA assay. Furthermore, to determine whether PRL\u2010induced HO\u20101 activity was required for VEGF production by macrophages, the effect of PRL on the induction of VEGF was studied in the presence of an inducer stannic chloride (SnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and of an inhibitor stannic mesoporphyrin (SnMP) of HO activity. Our observations suggest that PRL may regulate monocyte activation and influences not only immune function but also angiogenesis. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]],"date-time":"2004-06-30T07:00:48Z","timestamp":1088578848000},"page":"197-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prolactin increases HO\u20101 expression and induces VEGF production in human macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Malaguarnera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Imbesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Scuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"D'Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Licata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00172-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1464","article-title":"Presence of heme oxygenase and NADPH cytochrome P\u2010450 (c) reductase inhuman corneal epithelium","volume":"28","author":"Abraham NG","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000154819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91528-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"639","article-title":"Extrapituitary prolactin: Distribution, regulation, functions, and clinical aspects","volume":"17","author":"Ben\u2010Jonathan N","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1580137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(90)90051-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19980101)68:1<121::AID-JCB12>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Wound that do not heal. 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