{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:46:56Z","timestamp":1791190016484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]],"date-time":"2007-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure of the brain to cadmium ions (Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) is believed to lead to neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that astrocytes, the major CNS\u2010supporting cells, are resistant to Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced injury compared with cortical neurons and microglia (CNS macrophages). However, treatment with CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> for 24 h at concentrations higher than 20 \u00b5M substantially induced astrocytic cytotoxicity, which also resulted from long\u2010term exposure to 5 \u00b5M of CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Intracellular calcium levels were found to rapidly increase after the addition of CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> into astrocytes, which led to a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to mitochondrial impairment. In accordance, preexposure to the extracellular calcium chelator EGTA effectively reduced ROS production and increased survival of Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010treated astrocytes. Adenovirus\u2010mediated transfer of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes increased survival of Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010exposed astrocytes. In addition, increased ROS generation and astrocytic cell death due to Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> exposure was inhibited when astrocytes were treated with the polyphenolic compound ellagic acid (EA). Taken together, Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced astrocytic cell death resulted from disrupted calcium homeostasis and an increase in ROS. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that enhancement of the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and supplementation with a phenolic compound, a natural antioxidant, improves survival of Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010primed astrocytes. This information provides a useful approach for treating Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010induced CNS neurological disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 825\u2013834, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T09:46:40Z","timestamp":1184579200000},"page":"825-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Inhibition of cadmium\u2010induced oxidative injury in rat primary astrocytes by the addition of antioxidants and the reduction of intracellular calcium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Chung\u2010Shi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo\u2010Cheng","family":"Tzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May\u2010Jywan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song\u2010Kun","family":"Shyue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun\u2010Fen","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bmme.1995.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096032799678839563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00384-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(94)00103-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(96)03404-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20722"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00621-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390600631144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(96)03780-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007369200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2003.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000152114.00114.d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.85.3.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.9092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1338.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/17.6.1285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-218-44309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00144-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"417","article-title":"Lead toxicity in neuroglia","volume":"10","author":"Tiffany\u2010Castiglioni E","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01170-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(00)00009-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024405119018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013141926228"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcb.21452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcb.21452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T04:06:34Z","timestamp":1695960394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcb.21452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcb.21452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.21452","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-2312","1097-4644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-2312","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]]}}}