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It is therefore important and necessary to have a fast and low\u2010cost system to screen the large number of different chemical compounds in the aquatic environment for their potential endocrine disrupting actions. In this study, a screening platform was developed to detect xenoestrogens in the aquatic environment using the fission yeast<jats:italic>Schizosaccharomyces pombe<\/jats:italic>, and applied for compound screening. The aim was to demonstrate any significant potential differences between the fish screening system and the human screening system. To this end, a yeast expression vector harboring a fish estrogen receptor \u03b1 and a reporter vector containing the estrogen responsive element fused with the<jats:italic>Escherichia coli LacZ<\/jats:italic>gene were constructed. After transformation with these two vectors, the transformed yeast clones were confirmed by Western blotting and selected on the basis of the \u03b2\u2010galactosidase activity. In this transgenic yeast system, the natural estrogen (estradiol) and other known xenoestrogens such as diethylstilbestrol, bisphenol A, genistein and dichloro\u2010diphenyl\u2010trichloroethane exhibited dose\u2010dependent activities. Using this system, more than 40 putative endocrine disruptors including phytoestrogens, pesticides, herbicides, industrial dyes and other industrial chemicals were screened. Ten of them were demonstrated to exhibit estrogenic actions. Industrial dyes such as malachite green (MG) that disrupt thyroid hormone synthesis are extensively used and are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. Using this system, MG did not show any estrogenic action, but was demonstrated to exhibit anti\u2010estrogenic activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1399\u20131409, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]],"date-time":"2008-11-03T18:49:50Z","timestamp":1225738190000},"page":"1399-1409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Establishment of a transgenic yeast screening system for estrogenicity and identification of the anti\u2010estrogenic activity of malachite green"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Baowei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric K.C.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Bun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.K.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106s41041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104544"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"In vitro synergistic interaction of alligator and human estrogen receptors with combinations of environmental chemicals","volume":"105","author":"Arnold SF","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00178-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(03)00042-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Malachite green: Its toxicity to aquatic organisms, persistence and removal with activated carbon","volume":"75","author":"Bills TD","year":"1977","journal-title":"Invest Fish Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00984100290071243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00182-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970226o"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2004.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)80018-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00272-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013009006522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(02)00064-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Methods in yeast genetics. 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