{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:32:50Z","timestamp":1759332770854},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A mouse cell line 3T3\u2010L1 is differentiated into adipocytes when treated with an inducer cocktail (IDX) (insulin, dexametahsone, and a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor of isobutyl\u2010methylxanthine (IBMX)). Here, we report that <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic>, but not <jats:italic>PLD2<\/jats:italic>, mRNA and protein increased during the early differentiation process. Our analysis shows that IDX resulted in a sequential induction of C\/EBP\u03b2, PLD1, and C\/EBP\u03b1 which is a key transcription factor of late adipocyte differentiation. Among the three inducers, IBMX\u2009+\u2009any other inducer induced mild adipocyte differentiation, whereas insulin\u2009+\u2009dexamethasone did not. IBMX increased <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> but not <jats:italic>PLD2<\/jats:italic> mRNA. Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, and dbcAMP also increased <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> mRNA, suggesting the cellular cAMP as the inducer of both adipocyte differentiation and <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> transcription. We focused on the regulatory mechanism of <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> transcription during this differentiation process. IDX or a combination of inducers including IBMX increased <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> promoter activity, which is consistent with mRNA analysis. Promoter analysis identified two adjacent C\/EBP motifs located between \u2212338 and \u2212231\u2009bp from the first exon as the IBMX responsive elements. Furthermore, overexpression of C\/EBP\u03b2, but not C\/EBP\u03b1, increased <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> mRNA and <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> 5\u2032 promoter activity. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the direct binding of C\/EBP\u03b2, but not C\/EBP\u03b1, to these C\/EBP motifs of <jats:italic>PLD1<\/jats:italic> 5\u2032 promoter. Our results show that PLD1 is a target gene of C\/EBP\u03b2 through the increased cellular cAMP during early adipocyte differentiation of 3T3\u2010L1 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 375\u2013382, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]],"date-time":"2009-11-30T14:26:27Z","timestamp":1259591187000},"page":"375-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mechanism of increased PLD1 gene expression during early adipocyte differentiation process of mouse cell line 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