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To evaluate the role of TGF\u2010\u03b21, pancreatic duct cells were isolated from three brain\u2010dead organ donors. Pancreatic cell clusters harvested after islet isolation were dispersed to single cells and cultured in monolayers, then treated with TGF\u2010\u03b21. We analyzed the characteristics of the cultured cells, the TGF\u2010\u03b21 intracellular signaling pathway, the proliferation, and transdifferentiation rates of the duct cells. We also evaluated the genes and protein expression patterns after TGF\u2010\u03b21 treatment. After TGF\u2010\u03b21 treatment, typical morphologic changes representative of EMT were observed and Erk1\/2, JNK, and AKT phosphorylation, Ras downstream effectors, were increased. \u03b2 cell\u2010specific transcription factors including PDX\u20101, Beta2\/NeuroD, Ist\u20101, and NGN3 were markedly suppressed and the rate of transdifferentiation into \u03b2 cells was also suppressed. Genomic and proteomic analyses suggested that TGF\u2010\u03b21 induces marked changes in a variety of structural genes and proteins associated with EMT. In conclusion, TGF\u2010\u03b21 induces EMT in cultured human pancreatic duct cells, but suppresses its proliferation and transdifferentiation into \u03b2 cells. Our results are the first report of TGF\u2010\u03b21 effects for EMT and ductal cell transdifferentiation and proliferation at the protein level in human pancreatic duct cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 179\u2013188, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]],"date-time":"2010-11-10T16:46:14Z","timestamp":1289407574000},"page":"179-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and suppresses the proliferation and transdifferentiation of cultured human pancreatic duct 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