{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T10:31:52Z","timestamp":1769855512158,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,19]],"date-time":"2004-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5772,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human luteinizing hormone, human thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone, and human follicle\u2010stimulating hormone are closely related family of proteins which share a common \u03b1\u2010subunit. However, their sugar moieties are quite different.<\/jats:p><jats:p>hCG contains five acidic asparagine\u2010linked sugar chains. These five sugar chains are derived by sialylation from three neutral oligosaccharides: two biantennary (N\u20101 and N\u20102) and one monoantennary (N\u20103) complex\u2010type oligosaccharides. Although hCG purified from the urine of pregnant women is more enriched in sialylated sugar chains than that purified from placenta, the molar ratio of N\u20101, N\u20102, and N\u20103 of these two hCGs are the same (1:2:1). Comparative study of the sugar moieties of the \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010subunits of hCG revealed that \u03b1 contains 1 mol each of N\u20102 and N\u20103, while \u03b2 contains 1 mol each of N\u2010l and N\u20102. This specific distribution of oligosaccharides at the four asparagine loci of the hCG molecule is now helping us to consider the functional role of the sugar moiety of glycohormones.<\/jats:p><jats:p>hCG is produced not only by the trophoblast but also by various trophoblastic diseases. The hCGs purified from the urine of patients with hydatidiform mole contain the same oligosaccharides as normal hCG. However, those from the urine of choriocareinoma patients contain five additional neutral oligosaccharidcs. In contrast, hCGs from invasive\u2010mole patients contain three of the live oligosaccharidcs, specifically found in choriocarcinoma hCGs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The malignant transformational change of the sugar moiety of hCG can be explained by an increase of a fucosyltransferase, which forms the Fuc\u03b1l\u21926GlcNAc group and by ectopic expression and subsequent modification of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV. The appearance of tumor\u2010specific sugar chains of hCG has been used to develop a new diagnostic method for invasive mole and choriocarcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240370108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,30]],"date-time":"2004-12-30T15:19:33Z","timestamp":1104419973000},"page":"79-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Structures, function, and transformational changes of the sugar chains of 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