{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:55:56Z","timestamp":1791176156475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,19]],"date-time":"2004-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4585,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV\u2010I) is capable of inducing a variety of host cellular genes including many of the cytokines responsible for immune regulation and osteoclast activation. This derangement in cytokine expression may contribute to the panoply of disease states associated with HTLV\u2010I infection such as the adult T\u2010cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV\u2010I associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). We wished to determine if there was a correlation between the expression of an array of cytokines and the diverse clinical manifestations of ATL and HAM\/TSP. Utilizing the techniques of specific mRNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as Northern blotting, we analyzed the ex vivo mRNA expression of \u03b3\u2010interferon (IFN\u2010\u03b3), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2, (TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) in the peripheral blood of HAM\/TSP and ATL patients as well as asymptomatic seropositive carriers. IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u20101\u03b2 transcripts were up\u2010regulated in patients with HAM\/TSP and seropositive carriers when compared to their levels in ATL and normal controls. In contrast, the ATL patients constitutively expressed higher levels of TGF\u2010\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mRNA than HAM\/TSP and seropositive carriers. In addition, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 serum levels were elevated in HAM\/TSP, but not in ATL patients nor seropositive carriers. However, the circulating leukemic cells from ATL patients secreted increased levels of TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> protein into the culture medium than T\u2010cells derived from HAM\/TSP patients. Collectively these results suggest that induction of IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010alpha;, and IL\u2010\u03b2 in HAM\/TSP may initiate an inflammatory cascade with subsequent events leading to immune mediated destruction of the central nervous system in these patients. Expression of osteoclast activators such as TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u2010\u03b2 is not associated with hypercalcemia in ATL. Finally, impaired cellular and humoral immune responses present in ATL, but not in HAM\/TSP, may be related to elevated levels of TGF\u2010\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> produced by the leukemic cells. These differences in retroviral\u2010induced host cytokine expression in ATL and HAM\/TSP suggest alternate roles in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240460405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T20:37:29Z","timestamp":1117312649000},"page":"302-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Cytokine induction in HTLV\u2010I associated myelopathy and adult T\u2010cell leukemia: Alternate molecular mechanisms underlying retroviral pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Craig L.","family":"Tendler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack 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