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The specific functions of these forms are not clear. However, some data suggest a dependence of the development of various populations of tissue macrophages on the locally expressed and presented cytokine. Deficiency in CSF\u20101, as is the case in the murine mutant strain <jats:italic>op<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>op<\/jats:italic>, results in low numbers of macrophages and monocytes and, most striking, leads to osteopetrosis due to a virtual absence of osteoclasts. Using the <jats:italic>op<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>op<\/jats:italic> mutation as a model, CSF\u20101 was established as one of the growth factors for osteoclasts. The expression of CSF\u20101 receptors, encoded by the proto\u2010oncogene <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>fms<\/jats:italic>, by osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts, suggested an effect of this cytokine not only during osteoclast formation but also on the mature cells. In fact, CSF\u20101 was shown to inhibit the resorbing activity, to stimulate migration, and to support survival of isolated osteoclasts in vitro. By these actions on cells of the osteoclast lineage, CSF\u20101 induces recruitment of new osteoclasts, leading to a net increase of bone resorption, and might govern the spatial distribution of resorption sites within the bone. During these processes, locally expressed and presented forms of the growth factor may play a crucial role, as will be discussed in this article. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240550311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T21:42:28Z","timestamp":1117316548000},"page":"340-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Role of colony\u2010stimulating factor\u20101 in bone metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Rolf","family":"Felix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Hofstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Wetterwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco 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