{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T17:09:00Z","timestamp":1772471340402,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]],"date-time":"2012-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokines\/chemokines are key players in cancer\u2010related inflammation. Increasing evidence suggests that chemokines produced by tumor cells are the mediators of metastasis. Thus, agents that can downregulate chemokines expression have potential against cancer metastasis. We have previously shown inhibition of ovarian and endometrial cancer cell growth with progesterone and calcitriol. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of these two agents on the expression of inflammatory genes. Using a RT\u2010PCR array of inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines and their receptors, we found a marked attenuation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 (GRO\u2010\u03b1 and \u2010\u03b2) in cancer cells by both treatments. Knockdown of NF\u03baB resulted in a reduced expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2 and the inhibitory effect of progesterone and calcitriol on the expression of chemokines was abrogated in NF\u03baB\u2010silenced cancer cells. Silencing of I\u03baB\u03b1 increased the expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in cancer cells, which can be attributed to the increased activation of NF\u03baB\u2010p65, caused by the lack of its inhibitor. Progesterone and calcitriol\u2010induced inhibition was abolished in I\u03baB\u03b1\u2010knockdown cells. Our results demonstrate that suppression of I\u03baB\u03b1 phosphorylation by progesterone and calcitriol contributes to the reduced expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2. Downregulation of CXCL1 and CXCL2 was associated with a marked inhibition of metastasis\u2010promoting genes. Overall, our results indicate that progesterone and calcitriol inhibit I\u03baB\u03b1 phosphorylation, NF\u03baB activation, and the expression of NF\u03baB regulated metastasis promoting genes. These results provide attractive data for the possible use of progesterone and calcitriol in the management of endometrial and ovarian tumors. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3143\u20133152, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,21]],"date-time":"2012-05-21T13:05:53Z","timestamp":1337605553000},"page":"3143-3152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Progesterone and calcitriol attenuate inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Kavandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viqar","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgl041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411134200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00072-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-8258(03)00089-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00703-1","article-title":"Missing pieces in the NF\u2010\u03baB puzzle","volume":"109","author":"Ghosh S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006576305405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estrogen, progesterone and epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"7","author":"Ho SM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.11.6217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04870"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc780"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63583-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156652410791316968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.20.4.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200003000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.538100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401838","article-title":"Good cop, bad cop: The different faces of NFkappaB","volume":"13","author":"Perkins ND","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22558"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.6.8.4506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-10-0072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<257::AID-IJC22>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.10990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcb.24191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcb.24191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T14:29:35Z","timestamp":1697293775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcb.24191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcb.24191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.24191","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-2312","1097-4644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-2312","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]]}}}