{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:22:13Z","timestamp":1778084533068,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]],"date-time":"2013-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of mononucleosis and is also associated with several malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, among others. EBV reactivates during spaceflight, with EBV shedding in saliva increasing to levels ten times those observed pre\u2010and post\u2010flight. Although stress has been shown to increase reactivation of EBV, other factors such as radiation and microgravity have been hypothesized to contribute to reactivation in space. We used a modeled spaceflight environment to evaluate the influence of radiation and microgravity on EBV reactivation. BJAB (EBV\u2010negative) and Raji (EBV\u2010positive) cell lines were assessed for viability\/apoptosis, viral antigen and reactive oxygen species expression, and DNA damage and repair. EBV\u2010infected cells did not experience decreased viability and increased apoptosis due to modeled spaceflight, whereas an EBV\u2010negative cell line did, suggesting that EBV infection provided protection against apoptosis and cell death. Radiation was the major contributor to EBV ZEBRA upregulation. Combining modeled microgravity and radiation increased DNA damage and reactive oxygen species while modeled microgravity alone decreased DNA repair in Raji cells. Additionally, EBV\u2010infected cells had increased DNA damage compared to EBV\u2010negative cells. Since EBV\u2010infected cells do not undergo apoptosis as readily as uninfected cells, it is possible that virus\u2010infected cells in EBV seropositive individuals may have an increased risk to accumulate DNA damage during spaceflight. More studies are warranted to investigate this possibility. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 616\u2013624, 2013. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T12:29:29Z","timestamp":1347971369000},"page":"616-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of Epstein\u2013Barr virus reactivation in a modeled spaceflight system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Alaina A.","family":"Brinley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corey A.","family":"Theriot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayra","family":"Nelman\u2010Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Crucian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond P.","family":"Stowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan D.T.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duane L.","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553000110120364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5383.1677"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008173430707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2276.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/34.2.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2003)159[0268:FCAOGR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"FryRJ BoiceJD BondVP CurtisSB GrahnD ToddPW.Guidance on radiation received in space activities. 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