{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:25:23Z","timestamp":1791829523718,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Federation of Korea","award":["NRF-2013R1A1A2058244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2013R1A1A2058244"]}]},{"name":"Inha University Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>We investigated the effects of exogenous sodium pyruvate (SP) on adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and the mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis\u2010related genes in 3T3\u2010L1 pre\u2010adipocytes. Differentiation of pre\u2010adipocytes was induced by MDI (3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine: IBMX, dexamethasone: DEX, and insulin), in the presence or absence of SP. Adipogenesis was stimulated by SP in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. SP also induced the expression of genes encoding aP2, GLUT4, and adiponectin, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Exogenous glucose did not promote adipogenesis or lipid accumulation. 2\u2010deoxy\u2010D\u2010glucose inhibited adipogenesis initiated by MDI, but failed to influence the effects of SP on adipogenesis, whereas 3\u2010bromopyruvate inhibited adipogenesis regardless of whether SP was present. The pro\u2010adipogenic properties of SP were limited to the early events of adipogenesis. To determine whether SP mimics the adipogenic action of dexamethasone or insulin, we examined the effects of SP on adipogenesis with combinations of IBMX, DEX, and insulin. SP did not improve incomplete lipid accumulation observed in cells grown under IBMX\u2010, DEX\u2010, or insulin\u2010free conditions. Insulin\u2010stimulated ERK1\/2 phosphorylation was diminished by SP, while phosphorylation of Akt was increased, correlating with increased glucose uptake in response to insulin. We also observed that SP stimulated immediate early expression of C\/EBP\u03b2 and C\/EBP\u03b4. The PPAR\u03b3 antagonist GW9662 inhibited adipogenesis. Our findings highlight the adipogenic function of exogenous SP by stimulating early events of adipogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 39\u201348, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,6]],"date-time":"2015-06-06T12:23:58Z","timestamp":1433593438000},"page":"39-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exogenous Sodium Pyruvate Stimulates Adipogenesis of 3T3\u2010L1 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Ji\u2010Sun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song\u2010Yi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Hye","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi\u2010Youn","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung\u2010Hong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeongjin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inn\u2010Oc","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Inha University Incheon 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