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In this study, the authors describe both the role played by miRNAs and the impact of SIVmac239 infection on post\u2010transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene in CEM \u00d7174 cells. Our results show that miR\u201016 is able to bind the target site in the range of 8699\u20138719 nt from the stop codon in MOR\u20101 mRNA 3\u2032\u2010UTR and suppress the expression of OPRM1 gene. Mutation of this target site reduces the effect of miR\u201016. Morphine (1\u2009\u00b5M) inhibits the expression of miR\u201016, and this effect is reversed by the antagonist naloxone. Thus, morphine may up\u2010regulate receptor level by both stimulating OPRM1 gene transcription and stabilizing its mRNA. SIVmac239 infection results in an apparent elevation of miR\u201016 and gradual reduction of OPRM1 gene expression. The inverse correlation of elevated miR\u201016 and reduced OPRM1 gene expression under viral loading confirmed the effect of SIVmac239 on post\u2010transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene in lymphocytes. The authors conclude that miR\u201016 is a primary factor in post\u2010transcriptional regulation of OPRM1 gene. SIVmac239 upregulates miR\u201016 levels and consequently suppresses OPRM1 gene expression. This finding will be helpful for full understanding of the regulatory mechanism of OPRM1 gene in lymphocytes, as well as the synergistic mechanism of HIV infection and morphine addiction in the pathogenesis of AIDS. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 84\u201393, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,6]],"date-time":"2015-06-06T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1433593658000},"page":"84-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Impacts MicroRNA\u201016 Mediated Post\u2010Transcriptional Regulation of mu Opioid Receptor in CEM \u00d7174 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Wenting","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Peking University Beijing 100191 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center Peking University Beijing 100191 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