{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:52:17Z","timestamp":1760953937804},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>The cellular basis of metastasis is poorly understood. An important step to understanding this process is to be able to visualize the routes by which cancer cells migrate from the primary tumor to various distant sites to eventually form metastasis. Our laboratory previously developed single\u2010cell in vivo imaging using fluorescent proteins to label cancer cells. In the present study, using PC\u20103 human prostate cancer cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and orthotopic tumor transplantation, we have imaged in live mice various highly diverse routes by which PC\u20103 cells metastasize superiorly and inferiorly to distant sites, including in the portal area, stomach area, and urogenital system. Imaging began at day 9, at which time distant metastasis had already occurred, and increased at each imaging point at days 10, 13, 14, and 16. Metastatic cells were observed migrating superiorly and inferiorly from the primary tumor as well as in lymphatic channels and trafficking in various organ systems demonstrating that PC\u20103 has multiple metastatic routes similar to hormone\u2010independent advanced\u2010stage prostate cancer in the clinic. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1027\u20131032, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T12:04:55Z","timestamp":1444219495000},"page":"1027-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Real Time Metastatic Route Tracking of Orthotopic PC\u20103\u2010GFP Human Prostate Cancer Using Intravital Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AntiCancer Inc. San Diego California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AntiCancer Inc. San Diego California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AntiCancer Inc. 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