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The applicability of MSCs depends on the cellular source and on their different in vivo functions, despite having similar phenotypic and cytological characteristics. We characterized MSCs from different sources, including human bone marrow (BM), placenta (PL), and adipose tissue (AT), in terms of the phenotype, surface antigen expression, differentiation ability, proteome reference map, and blood flow recovery in a hindlimb ischemic disease model. The MSCs exhibit different differentiation potentials depending on the cellular source despite having similar phenotypic and surface antigen expression. We identified approximately 90 differentially regulated proteins. Most up\u2010 or down\u2010regulated proteins show cytoskeletal or oxidative stress, peroxiredoxin, and apoptosis roles according to their functional involvement. In addition, the PL\u2010MSCs retained a higher therapeutic efficacy than the BM\u2010 and AT\u2010MSCs in the hindlimb ischemic disease model. In summary, we examined differentially expressed key regulatory factors for MSCs that were obtained from several cellular sources and demonstrated their differentially expressed proteome profiles. Our results indicate that primitive PL\u2010MSCs have biological advantages relative to those from other sources, making PL\u2010MSCs a useful model for clinical applications of cell therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1112\u20131125, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T12:42:52Z","timestamp":1444308172000},"page":"1112-1125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Bone Marrow, Placenta, and Adipose Tissue as Sources of Cell Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Young\u2010Joo","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Pharmacology School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience BK21 plus Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561\u2010756 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Well Aging Research Center Suwon Republic of 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