{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:56:32Z","timestamp":1771019792080,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Leptin is a protein involved in the regulation of food intake and in the immune and inflammatory responses, among other functions. Evidences demonstrate that obesity is directly associated with high levels of leptin, suggesting that leptin may directly link obesity with the elevated cardiovascular and renal risk associated with increased body weight. Adverse effects of leptin include oxidative stress mediated by activation of NADPH oxidase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L\u2010carnitine (LC) in rat renal epithelial cells (NRK\u201052E) exposed to leptin in order to generate a state of oxidative stress characteristic of obesity. Leptin increased superoxide anion (O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>\u2212) generation from NADPH oxidase (via PI3\u2009K\/Akt pathway), NOX2 expression and nitrotyrosine levels. On the other hand, NOX4 expression and hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) levels diminished after leptin treatment. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, was altered by leptin, and an increase in the mRNA expression of pro\u2010inflammatory factors was also found in leptin\u2010treated cells. LC restored all changes induced by leptin to those levels found in untreated cells. In conclusion, stimulation of NRK\u201052E cells with leptin induced a state of oxidative stress and inflammation that could be reversed by preincubation with LC. Interestingly, LC induced an upregulation of NOX4 and restored the release of its product, hydrogen peroxide, which suggests a protective role of NOX4 against leptin\u2010induced renal damage. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2281\u20132288, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T10:29:12Z","timestamp":1456482552000},"page":"2281-2288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Leptin Induces Oxidative Stress Through Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Renal Tubular Cells: Antioxidant Effect of L\u2010Carnitine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Blanca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla CL Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2 Sevilla 41012 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda V.","family":"Ruiz\u2010Armenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla CL Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2 Sevilla 41012 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla CL Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2 Sevilla 41012 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Salsoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla CL Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2 Sevilla 41012 Spain"},{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL) Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago 8330024 Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Miguel\u2010Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla CL Profesor Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez 2 Sevilla 41012 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fortu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra Avda. 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