{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:14:11Z","timestamp":1791476051480,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R03 CA164831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R03 CA164831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Anacardic acid is a dietary and medicinal phytochemical that inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Since mitochondrial\u2010targeted anticancer therapy (mitocans) may be useful in breast cancer, we examined the effect of anacardic acid on cellular bioenergetics and OXPHOS pathway proteins in breast cancer cells modeling progression to endocrine\u2010independence: MCF\u20107 estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1)+ endocrine\u2010sensitive; LCC9 and LY2 ER\u03b1+, endocrine\u2010resistant, and MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. At concentrations similar to cell proliferation IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>s, anacardic acid reduced ATP\u2010linked oxygen consumption rate (OCR), mitochondrial reserve capacity, and coupling efficiency while increasing proton leak, reflecting mitochondrial toxicity which was greater in MCF\u20107 compared to endocrine\u2010resistant and TNBC cells. These results suggest tolerance in endocrine\u2010resistant and TNBC cells to mitochondrial stress induced by anacardic acid. Since anacardic acid is an alkylated 2\u2010hydroxybenzoic acid, the effects of salicylic acid (SA, 2\u2010hydroxybenzoic acid moiety) and oleic acid (OA, monounsaturated alkyl moiety) were tested. SA inhibited whereas OA stimulated cell viability. In contrast to stimulation of basal OCR by anacardic acid (uncoupling effect), neither SA nor OA altered basal OCR\u2010 except OA inhibited basal and ATP\u2010linked OCR, and increased ECAR, in MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 cells. Changes in OXPHOS proteins correlated with changes in OCR. Overall, neither the 2\u2010hydroxybenzoic acid moiety nor the monounsaturated alky moiety of anacardic acid is solely responsible for the observed mitochondria\u2010targeted anticancer activity in breast cancer cells and hence both moieties are required in the same molecule for the observed effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2521\u20132532, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T06:58:58Z","timestamp":1458370738000},"page":"2521-2532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Anacardic Acid, Salicylic Acid, and Oleic Acid Differentially Alter Cellular Bioenergetic Function in Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Brandie N.","family":"Radde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Genetics University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky 40292"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Alizadeh\u2010Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Genetics University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville 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