{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:46:42Z","timestamp":1759963602665,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Toad skin extracts, such as aqueous extracts (AE) of Chinese toad skins, have demonstrated therapeutic benefits for a range of diseases including pain, inflammation, swelling, heart failure, and various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the anti\u2010inflammatory potential of an AE (0.1\u201310\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) and a 60% ethanol extract (EE; 0.1\u201310\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) from Australian cane toad (<jats:italic>Bufo marinus<\/jats:italic>) skins and the known bioactive compound, bufotenine (BT; 0.1\u201310\u2009nM). The assay employed a model of the human monocyte cell line U937 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12\u2010myristate 13\u2010acetate (PMA) for the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)\u20106. We demonstrated that AE, EE, and BT significantly inhibited the release and expression of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 in a dose\u2010dependent manner when the cells were pre\u2010treated at non\u2010cytotoxic concentrations. Further investigation revealed that the inhibition of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 release and expression was associated with the suppression of nuclear factor (NF)\u2010kappa (\u03ba)B activation. These results indicate that AE, EE, and BT are strong inflammation inhibitors, thus have the potential for further development as anti\u2010inflammatory therapeutic agents from a natural source regarded as a feral pest in Australia. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2769\u20132780, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T04:48:05Z","timestamp":1462250885000},"page":"2769-2780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Australian Cane Toad Skins Suppress Pro\u2010Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in U937 Cells via NF\u2010\u03baB Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Abu Hasanat Md.","family":"Zulfiker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed M.","family":"Hashimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biology Deanship of Preparatory Year University of Dammam Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. Darren","family":"Grice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics and School of Medical Science Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming Q.","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704103361506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.330.6011.1621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Elevated urine levels of bufotenine in patients with autistic spectrum disorders and schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Emanuele E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0106038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)25873-6","article-title":"The relationship between the metabolic fate and pharmacological actions of serotonin, bufotenine and psilocybin","volume":"130","author":"Gessner P","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Targeting the production of monocytes\/macrophages\u2010derived cytokines by anti\u2010inflammatory herbal drugs","volume":"4","author":"Habtemariam S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.10.3386","article-title":"Redox status of cells influences constitutive or induced NF\u2010kappa B translocation and HIV long terminal repeat activity in human T and monocytic cell lines","volume":"149","author":"Israel N","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2012.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2008.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.10.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-579X(02)00128-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"L622\u2010145","article-title":"NF\u2010kappa B activation as a pathological mechanism of septic shock and inflammation","volume":"290","author":"Liu SF","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Indolealkylamines from toad vertebrates and sea invertebrates? 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