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Efficient osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would have the clinical application potential in treating multiple osteal disorders. Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH), a pituitary glycoprotein hormone highly associated with menopausal bone turnover, whose peculiar part of receptor binding is follicle\u2010stimulating hormone \u03b2\u2010subunit (FSH\u03b2). Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a potent osteogenic factor, can up\u2010regulate FSH\u03b2 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, it is unclear, whether extrapituitary FSH\u03b2 affects BMP9\u2010induced osteogenesis in MEFs. In this study, we investigated the role of FSH\u03b2 in BMP9\u2010induced osteogenesis in MEFs. We found that exogenous expression of FSH\u03b2 significantly increased BMP9\u2010induced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), the expression of osteogenic transcriptional factors, Runx2 and Osx, and the established late osteogenic markers, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), so does the ectopic bone formation. Mechanistically, FSH\u03b2 dramatically enhanced BMP9\u2010induced BMP\/Smad signal transduction, presenting the augment phosphorylation of Smad1\/5\/8, whereas treatment with anti\u2010FSH\u03b2 antibodies suppressed these effects. An adenylate cyclase inhibitor obviously suppressed ALP and BMP\/Smad signal transduction induced by BMP9 or the combination of BMP9 and FSH\u03b2 in MEFs. Collectively, our findings suggested that FSH\u03b2 may promote BMP9\u2010induced activation of BMP\/Smad signaling through a FSH\/FSH receptor (FSHR)\/cAMP dependent pathway in MEFs partly. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1792\u20131802, 2017. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T12:02:54Z","timestamp":1482235374000},"page":"1792-1802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Follicle\u2010Stimulating Hormone \u03b2\u2010Subunit Potentiates Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9\u2010Induced Osteogenic Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Ya","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction Health and Infertility  The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Chongqing 400016 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