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Adipogenesis plays an important role in adipose tissue expansion by High\u2010fat\u2010diet (HFD) induced obesity. Whether primary cilia participate in high\u2010fat\u2010diet induced adiposity remains unclear. In this study, we found that the number and length of primary cilia and expression levels of KIF3A and intraflagellar transport 88 homolog (IFT88) mRNA and proteins reached peak on the day 3 of adipogenesis, followed by a decrease to reach low basal expression levels at day 9 when differentiated to lipid accumulating adipocytes in VAT\u2010SVFs derived from lean mice. The number of primary cilia was reduced by shRNA and chemical methods, leading to elevated transcripts of <jats:italic>Ppar\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cebp\u2010\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Srebp\u20101<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Fasn<\/jats:italic> and protein levels of PPAR\u03b3 and FASN. Similar to the proadipogenic effect by the inhibition of primary cilia formation in control VAT\u2010SVFs, HFD caused severe reduction of primary cilia formation and enhancement of adipogenesis in VAT\u2010SVFs cultures. Flow cytometry analysis revealed percentage of G2\/M phase cells and the protein expression of Cyclin A2 and CDK2 increased in control VAT\u2010SVFs by knockdown of primary cilia with shRNA or chemical methods and HFD induced obese VAT\u2010SVFs. In conclusion, the expression of primary cilia was in reverse correlation with adipogenic differentiation. HFD caused severe defects of primary cilia in VAT\u2010SVFs, leading to adipose tissue expansion by enhancement of adipogenesis through promoting cell cycle re\u2010entry at the early stage of adipogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T08:03:54Z","timestamp":1499069034000},"page":"1313-1325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impairment of primary cilia contributes to visceral adiposity of high fat diet\u2010fed mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ni","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou P. R. 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