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Considering that inflammation might be involved in pathophysiology of X\u2010ALD, we aimed to investigate pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines in plasma from three different male phenotypes (CCER, AMN, and asymptomatic individuals). Our results showed that asymptomatic patients presented increased levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20102, IL\u20108, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 and the last one was also higher in AMN phenotype. Besides, asymptomatic patients presented higher levels of anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines IL\u20104 and IL\u201010. AMN patients presented higher levels of IL\u20102, IL\u20105, and IL\u20104. We might hypothesize that inflammation in X\u2010ALD is related to plasmatic VLCFA concentration, since there were positive correlations between C26:0 plasmatic levels and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines in asymptomatic and AMN patients and negative correlation between anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine and C24:0\/C22:0 ratio in AMN patients. The present work yields experimental evidence that there is an inflammatory imbalance associated Th1, (IL\u20102, IL\u20106, and IFN\u2010\u03b3), Th2 (IL\u20104 and IL\u201010), and macrophages response (TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2) in the periphery of asymptomatic and AMN patients, and there is correlation between VLCFA plasmatic levels and inflammatory mediators in X\u2010ALD. Furthermore, we might also speculate that the increase of plasmatic cytokines in asymptomatic patients could be considered an early biomarker of brain damage and maybe also a predictor of disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T13:13:18Z","timestamp":1500469998000},"page":"1223-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inflammatory profile in X\u2010linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients: Understanding disease progression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desir\u00e8e Padilha","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Bioqu\u00edmica UFRGS Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul 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