{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T08:56:26Z","timestamp":1776070586342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Young Scientist Scheme","award":["14744\/E12\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14744\/E12\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Tributyltins (TBT) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that disturb normal endocrine function including gonadal function in humans and marine organisms. TBT was administered through oral route to male Syrian hamsters at daily doses of 50, 100, and 150\u2009ppm\/kg for 65 days. Changes in testis morphology, immunohistochemistry of iNOS, 3\u03b2\u2010HSD, and 17\u03b2\u2010HSD, cholesterol transport receptor, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors were analyzed. TBT treatment affected each of these parameters to significant levels in a dose\u2010dependent manner compared to vehicle treated control. Real\u2010time PCR and protein analyses revealed that expression levels of ApoE and LDL\u2010R mRNA were up\u2010regulated in the testis of TBT\u2010treated animals while the expression levels of SR\u2010B1, LXR, PPARs \u03b1, \u03b2, and \u03b3, SCAP, SREBP 1 and 2, 3\u03b2\u2010HSD, 17\u03b2\u2010HSD, CYP17A1, and P450<jats:sub>SCC<\/jats:sub> were down\u2010regulated. Leydig cells were isolated and separated adopting percoll gradient centrifugation under aseptic condition. The viability of Leydig cell was affected by TBT treatment in a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. Further, the mechanism of action of TBT was ascertained by siRNA transfection of ApoE, which was upregulated, and SREBP, which was down\u2010regulated. These observations led us to infer that exposure to TBT hinders intracellular cholesterol transport resulting in abnormal sex steroid biosynthesis and alteration of steroidogenic enzyme activities. Finally, we could recognize ApoE and SREBP as the major factors regulating genes that control cholesterol biosynthesis and steroidogenesis that ultimately inhibit the synthesis of testosterone. Therefore, ApoE is one of the important molecular targets that can be intercepted in context of male infertility\/male contraception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T13:29:03Z","timestamp":1513085343000},"page":"4021-4037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Molecular mechanisms of tributyltin\u2010induced alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and steroidogenesis in hamster testis: In vivo and in vitro studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Veerasamy","family":"Kanimozhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kandasamy","family":"Palanivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Akbarsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India"},{"name":"National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments (NCAAE) Former Mahatma Gandhi\u2010Doerenkamp Centre (MGDC) Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8786-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balamuthu","family":"Kadalmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"DamstraT BarlowS BergmanA KavlockR Van Der KraakG. 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