{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:29:02Z","timestamp":1781188142404,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","award":["KNW-1-050\/K\/6\/0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNW-1-050\/K\/6\/0"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","award":["KNW-1-005\/K\/6\/0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNW-1-005\/K\/6\/0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ototoxicity is well\u2010documented but not fully understood undesirable side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotic, kanamycin. Kanamycin is capable of binding to melanin biopolymers\u2014natural pigments of the skin, hair,\u00a0and eyes. Melanin\u2010producing cells, melanocytes, are also present in the inner ear and are known to be necessary for normal hearing. It was considered that melanin content in the inner ear may influence aminoglycoside\u2010induced ototoxic effect. The impact of kanamycin on melanocytes homeostasis may thus play role in the antibiotic\u2010induced ototoxic effect. Previously, we demonstrated that kanamycin disturbs homeostasis in light\u2010pigmented melanocytes. To investigate if\/how melanization contributes to this phenomenon, the study using in vitro model of dark\u2010pigmented melanocytes is required. Spectrophotometric measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis were performed. Kanamycin induced a\u00a0concentration\u2010dependent loss in HEMn\u2010DP melanocytes viability. The value of IC\n<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> was estimated to be 5.0\u2009mM. Modulation of the activity of analyzed antioxidant enzymes and increased production of free radicals as well as the decrease of the melanin content were observed. Our results confirmed that kanamycin generates oxidative stress in melanocytes. The increased level of free radicals caused by kanamycin may be responsible for the imbalance of antioxidant defense and the reduction of melanin content in melanocytes. The role of melanin in the mechanism of kanamycin\u2010induced hearing impairment was discussed and the obtained results were compared with the previously demonstrated data concerning light\u2010pigmented melanocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T06:09:20Z","timestamp":1542780560000},"page":"1165-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Kanamycin induces free radicals formation in melanocytes: An important factor for aminoglycosides ototoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6918-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Wrze\u015bniok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice 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