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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is an autocrine and paracrine protein in the fibroblast growth factor family that regulates cell differentiation and proliferation. <jats:italic>Fgf9<\/jats:italic> Schwann cell (SC) conditional knockout mice were developed to detect the role of FGF9 in the PNS. In our study, the absence of <jats:italic>Fgf9<\/jats:italic> led to delayed myelination in early development. The expression of mature SC\u2010related genes decreased, and the expression of genes associated with immature SCs increased in the <jats:italic>Fgf9<\/jats:italic> knockout mice. These data were consistent with the morphology and praxeology we observed during the development of the peripheral nerves. Extracellular\u2010regulated kinases 1\/2 (ERK1\/2) are key signals for myelination, and our results showed that <jats:italic>Fgf9<\/jats:italic> ablation led to the inactivation of ERK1\/2. Further research was performed to detect the role of FGF9 in peripheral nerve injury. In superoxide dismutase 1\u2010G93A mice with <jats:italic>Fgf9<\/jats:italic> SC knockout, we found that <jats:italic>Fgf9<\/jats:italic> ablation inhibited the expressions of <jats:italic>Cd68<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Cd86<\/jats:italic>, which contributed to the degeneration of the axon and myelin sheath.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T20:11:01Z","timestamp":1530216661000},"page":"8643-8658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["FGF9 modulates Schwann cell myelination in developing nerves and induces a pro\u2010inflammatory environment during 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