{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:38:20Z","timestamp":1784842700048,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stroke represents one of the major causes of death worldwide. Neuroprotection remains an important goal of stroke therapy. Stem cell therapeutic effect is attributed to the neuroprotective effect and the regulation of the oxidant stress. Levetiracetam (LEV), a second\u2010generation antiepileptic drug, was reported to confer neuronal protection after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of human Wharton\u2019s jelly\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ\u2010MSCs) and LEV on the size of brain infarcts, the histological structure, the neurotrophic, and the antioxidant gene expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion\u00a0in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rats were divided into five equal groups of 12 rats each as follows. Sham control group: received phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS); ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) group: received PBS before ligation; stem cell\u2013treated group: the animal received MSCs before ligation; LEV\u2010treated group: the animal received LEV before occlusion; combined group: the animals received both MSCs and LEV before occlusion. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to study the histological structure of the brain. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) was performed to assess gene expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both MSCs and LEV improved memory and learning in the treated groups compared with I\/R group. Significant reduction of the infarct size in WJ\u2010MSC\u2010 or LEV\u2010treated groups when compared with untreated ones was found. By RT\u2010PCR, a significant decrease of the expression values of glial\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1), and copper\u2010zinc SOD (Cu\/ZnSOD) genes and a significant increase of pro\u2010oxidant iNOS gene in the I\/R rats compared with the sham group was detected. There was a significant increase in the expression values of GDNF, BDNF, PEBP1, and Cu\/ZnSOD genes in both treated groups when compared with the I\/R group. Rats treated with WJ\u2010MSCs showed better results than rats treated with LEV. Finally, the combined use of LEV and WJ\u2010MSCs was the most effective regimen as regard infarction volume and functional learning and memory tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the brain ischemia model, combined WJ\u2010MSCs and LEV have demonstrated striking protective effects in brain infarction by the modulation of the oxidant status and neuroprotective effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T11:15:18Z","timestamp":1535800518000},"page":"9790-9800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison between the effect of human Wharton\u2019s jelly\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells and levetiracetam on brain infarcts in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Dalia M.","family":"Abd El Motteleb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai. 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