{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:00:49Z","timestamp":1790017249489,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Cellular Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may contribute to the progression of age\u2010related macular degeneration. Thymoquinone (TQ), an active component derived from <jats:italic>Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>, possesses antioxidative effect. However, the role of TQ in RPE cells under oxidative stress condition remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the protective effect of TQ against hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)\u2010induced oxidative stress in human RPE cells. Our results showed that TQ improved the cell viability and apoptosis in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced ARPE cells. We also found that the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde induced by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were reduced after the pretreatment of TQ. In addition, the inhibitory effect of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on the glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase activity was markedly attenuated by TQ pretreatment. Moreover, TQ enhanced the activation of Nrf2\/heme oxygenase 1 (HO\u20101) signaling pathway in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced ARPE cells. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished the protective effect of TQ on H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced oxidative damage. These results suggested that TQ protected ARPE cells from H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the Nrf2\/HO\u20101 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T14:04:03Z","timestamp":1538316243000},"page":"4514-4522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Thymoquinone protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7577-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Huaihe Hospital, Henan University Kaifeng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs-2017-0183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-018-0332-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2015.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75402-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00023-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1996.tb00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209801","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1209801","article-title":"Neuropharmacological potential and delivery prospects of thymoquinone for neurological disorders","author":"Jakaria M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_9_1","first-page":"4010629","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in glioblastoma treatment: targeting major gliomagenesis signaling pathways","author":"Chowdhury FA","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_11_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Thymoquinone protects against cerebral small vessel disease: role of antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory activities","volume":"32","author":"Guan D","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15569527.2014.910802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_13_1","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Cell loss in the aging retina. 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